{"id":862,"date":"2023-12-15T15:29:02","date_gmt":"2023-12-15T07:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=862"},"modified":"2024-09-05T16:40:47","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T08:40:47","slug":"surge-protection-devices-surge-arresters-spd","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/blog\/surge-protection-devices-surge-arresters-spd\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Gerilim Koruma Cihazlar\u0131 (A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Parafudrlar) (SPD)"},"content":{"rendered":"The Surge Protection Device (SPD) is a component of the electrical installation protection system.\r\n\r\nThis device is connected in parallel on the power supply circuit of the loads that it has to protect (see Fig. J17). It can also be used at all levels of the power supply network.\r\n\r\nThis is the most commonly used and most efficient type of overvoltage protection.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nBilim insanlar\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7arpmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri ve etkileri konusunda \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015f ve buna g\u00f6re teknolojik \u00fcr\u00fcnler geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin testleri de bu kapsamda y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7arpmas\u0131 sim\u00fcle edilerek yap\u0131labilmektedir.\r\n\r\nY\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00c7arpmas\u0131 Dalga \u00c7e\u015fitleri:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nY\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7arpmas\u0131 iki farkl\u0131 dalga boyunda incelenebilir.\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. Do\u011frudan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00c7arpmas\u0131 10 \/ 350\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nImpulse currents in a waveform of 10\/350 \u03bcs occur in direct lightning strikes. This pulse rapid voltage increase releases great power with a large current pulse.\r\n\r\nToday, External Lightning Protection System materials and Type 1 \/ Class I type Surge Arrester circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. Uzak Bir Alanda Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00c7arpmas\u0131 ve Anahtarlama Gerilimleri 8\/20\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nLightning strikes at a distant location and impulse currents with switching voltages 8\/20 \u03bcs waveform occur.\r\n\r\nThe energy content of this pulse is significantly lower than the lightning test current\u2019s pulse current wave of 10\/350 \u03bcs. Type 2 \/ Class II and Type 3 \/ Class III type Surge Protector (Surge Arrester) circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n\r\nStandartlar<\/strong>\r\n\r\nS\u0131k\u00e7a listelenen standartlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:\r\n
        \r\n \t
      • IEC 61643-11 Al\u00e7ak gerilim a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim koruyucu cihazlar \u2013 B\u00f6l\u00fcm 11: Al\u00e7ak gerilim g\u00fc\u00e7 sistemlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim koruyucu cihazlar \u2013 Gereksinimler ve test y\u00f6ntemleri (IEC 61643-1'in yerine ge\u00e7er)<\/li>\r\n \t
      • IEC 61643-21 Al\u00e7ak gerilim a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim koruyucu cihazlar - B\u00f6l\u00fcm 21: Telekom\u00fcnikasyon ve sinyal a\u011flar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim koruyucu cihazlar - Performans gereksinimleri ve test y\u00f6ntemleri<\/li>\r\n \t
      • IEC 61643-22 Al\u00e7ak gerilim a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim koruyucu cihazlar - B\u00f6l\u00fcm 22: Telekom\u00fcnikasyon ve sinyal a\u011flar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim koruyucu cihazlar - Se\u00e7im ve uygulama ilkeleri<\/li>\r\n \t
      • EN 61643-11, 61643-21 ve 61643-22<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Telcordia Technologies Teknik Referans\u0131 TR-NWT-001011<\/li>\r\n \t
      • ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Underwriters Laboratuvarlar\u0131 (UL) 1449.<\/li>\r\n \t
      • AS\/NZS 1768<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEach standard defines different protector characteristics, test vectors, or operational purpose.\r\n\r\nEN 62305 and ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx define what spikes a protector might be expected to divert. EN 61643-11 and 61643-21 specify both the product\u2019s performance and safety requirements. In contrast, the IEC only writes standards and does not certify any particular product as meeting those standards. IEC Standards are used by members of the CB Scheme of international agreements to test and certify products for safety compliance.\r\n\r\nIn addition, the following standards are not standards for standalone surge protectors, but are instead meant for testing surge immunity in electrical and electronic equipment as a whole. Thus, they\u2019re frequently used in the design and test of surge protection circuitry.\r\n
          \r\n \t
        • IEC 61000-4-2 Elektrostatik de\u015farj ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k testi<\/li>\r\n \t
        • IEC 61000-4-4 Elektriksel h\u0131zl\u0131 ge\u00e7ici\/patlama ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k testi<\/li>\r\n \t
        • IEC 61000-4-5 Dalgalanma ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k testi<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPrensip<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD, atmosferik kaynakl\u0131 ge\u00e7ici a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilimi s\u0131n\u0131rlamak ve ak\u0131m dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 topra\u011fa y\u00f6nlendirmek, b\u00f6ylece bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilimin genli\u011fini elektrik tesisat\u0131, elektrik \u015falt sistemi ve kontrol donan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in tehlikeli olmayan bir de\u011ferle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\r\n\r\nSPD a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 voltaj\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r<\/strong>\r\n
            \r\n \t
          • Ortak modda, faz ile n\u00f6tr veya toprak aras\u0131nda;<\/li>\r\n \t
          • Diferansiyel modda, faz ve n\u00f6tr aras\u0131nda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 voltaj\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma e\u015fi\u011fini a\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda SPD\r\n
              \r\n \t
            • Enerjiyi ortak modda topra\u011fa iletir;<\/li>\r\n \t
            • Enerjiyi diferansiyel modda di\u011fer canl\u0131 iletkenlere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\u00dc\u00e7 t\u00fcr SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTip 1 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 1 SPD is recommended in the specific case of service-sector and industrial buildings, protected by a lightning protection system or a meshed cage.\r\n\r\nIt protects electrical installations against direct lightning strokes. It can discharge the back-current from lightning spreading from the earth conductor to the network conductors.\r\n\r\nType 1 SPD is characterized by a 10\/350 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nTip 2 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 2 SPD is the main protection system for all low voltage electrical installations. Installed in each electrical switchboard, it prevents the spread of overvoltage in the electrical installations and protects the loads.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD is characterized by an 8\/20 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nTip 3 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThese SPDs have a low discharge capacity. They must therefore mandatorily be installed as a supplement to Type 2 SPD and in the vicinity of sensitive loads.\r\n\r\nType 3 SPD is characterized by a combination of voltage waves (1.2\/50 \u03bcs) and current waves (8\/20 \u03bcs).\r\n\r\nSPD normatif tan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u015eekil J18 \u2013 SPD standart tan\u0131m\u0131\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
              <\/td>\r\nDo\u011frudan y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7arpmas\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\r\nDolayl\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7arpmas\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              IEC 61643-1<\/strong><\/td>\r\nS\u0131n\u0131f I testi<\/td>\r\nS\u0131n\u0131f II testi<\/td>\r\nS\u0131n\u0131f III testi<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              IEC 61643-11\/2011<\/strong><\/td>\r\nTip 1:<\/td>\r\nTip 2:<\/td>\r\nTip 3:<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              EN\/IEC 61643-11<\/strong><\/td>\r\nTip 1<\/td>\r\nTip 2<\/td>\r\nTip 3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              Eski VDE 0675v<\/strong><\/td>\r\nB<\/td>\r\nC<\/td>\r\nD<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              Test dalgas\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong><\/td>\r\n10\/350<\/td>\r\n8\/20<\/td>\r\n1.2\/50 + 8\/20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
                \r\n \t
              • Not 1<\/strong>: Y\u00fcklerin do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m darbelerine kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftiren\u00a0 +\u00a0 \u00a0SPD (veya Tip 1 + 2 SPD) mevcuttur.<\/li>\r\n \t
              • Not 2<\/strong>: baz\u0131 SPD'ler \u015fu \u015fekilde de bildirilebilir: .<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAccording to this;\r\n\r\nFirst Stage: Type 1 \/ Class 1 \/ Class B lightning protection surge arrester are the front protection units of the facility \/ structure. They are circuit elements capable of absorbing and damping direct lightning strikes that may come from power lines.\r\n\r\nIt must be installed in the main distribution \/ transformer panel inside and \/ or outside the building.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 50kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nSecond Stage: Type 2 \/ Class 2 \/ C Class Surge Protection Devices (Surge Arresters) are circuit elements used in the secondary and \/ or lower secondary panels of the facility \/ building. Compared to Type 1 \/ Class II surge arresters, their strength is lower but their sensitivity is better.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in an 8\/20 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 10kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 25kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nType 1 + 2 \/ Class 1 + 2 \/ B + C Class compact protection elements have been used as second level protection in recent years.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 40kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\nIt is used in the electrical panel of the uninterruptible power supply and \/ or in the secondary panels positioned like a main panel.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nThird Stage: Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class sudden overvoltage protection surge arresters are circuit elements used in its lines to protect sensitive electronic devices.\r\n\r\nThe product range is quite wide as it can be connected to different devices with different connection protocols \/ sockets \/ ports.\r\n\r\nBelow are some of the Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class surge arresters for different circuits \/ devices.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"","protected":false},"featured_media":863,"parent":0,"menu_order":146,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[8],"class_list":["post-862","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-company-news"],"acf":{"des":"The Surge Protection Device (SPD) is a component of the electrical installation protection system.","txt":"The Surge Protection Device (SPD) is a component of the electrical installation protection system.\r\n\r\nThis device is connected in parallel on the power supply circuit of the loads that it has to protect (see Fig. J17). It can also be used at all levels of the power supply network.\r\n\r\nThis is the most commonly used and most efficient type of overvoltage protection.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nScientists have carried out important studies on the characteristics and effects of lightning strikes for years, and have developed technological products accordingly. Today, tests of these products can also be carried out by simulating a lightning strike in this context.\r\n\r\nLightning Strike Wave Types:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe lightning strike can be studied in two different wavelengths.\r\n
                  \r\n \t
                1. Direct Lightning Strike 10 \/ 350\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nImpulse currents in a waveform of 10\/350 \u03bcs occur in direct lightning strikes. This pulse rapid voltage increase releases great power with a large current pulse.\r\n\r\nToday, External Lightning Protection System materials and Type 1 \/ Class I type Surge Arrester circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n
                    \r\n \t
                  1. Lightning Strike and Switching Voltages on a Remote Area 8 \/ 20\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nLightning strikes at a distant location and impulse currents with switching voltages 8\/20 \u03bcs waveform occur.\r\n\r\nThe energy content of this pulse is significantly lower than the lightning test current\u2019s pulse current wave of 10\/350 \u03bcs. Type 2 \/ Class II and Type 3 \/ Class III type Surge Protector (Surge Arrester) circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n\r\nStandards<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSome frequently listed standards include:\r\n
                      \r\n \t
                    • IEC 61643-11 Low-voltage surge protective devices \u2013 Part 11: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power systems \u2013 Requirements and test methods (replaces IEC 61643-1)<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • IEC 61643-21 Low voltage surge protective devices \u2013 Part 21: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks \u2013 Performance requirements and testing methods<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • IEC 61643-22 Low-voltage surge protective devices \u2013 Part 22: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks \u2013 Selection and application principles<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • EN 61643-11, 61643-21 and 61643-22<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • Telcordia Technologies Technical Reference TR-NWT-001011<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1449.<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • AS\/NZS 1768<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEach standard defines different protector characteristics, test vectors, or operational purpose.\r\n\r\nEN 62305 and ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx define what spikes a protector might be expected to divert. EN 61643-11 and 61643-21 specify both the product\u2019s performance and safety requirements. In contrast, the IEC only writes standards and does not certify any particular product as meeting those standards. IEC Standards are used by members of the CB Scheme of international agreements to test and certify products for safety compliance.\r\n\r\nIn addition, the following standards are not standards for standalone surge protectors, but are instead meant for testing surge immunity in electrical and electronic equipment as a whole. Thus, they\u2019re frequently used in the design and test of surge protection circuitry.\r\n
                        \r\n \t
                      • IEC 61000-4-2 Electrostatic discharge immunity test<\/li>\r\n \t
                      • IEC 61000-4-4 Electrical fast transient\/burst immunity test<\/li>\r\n \t
                      • IEC 61000-4-5 Surge immunity test<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPrinciple<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD is designed to limit transient overvoltage of atmospheric origin and divert current waves to earth, so as to limit the amplitude of this overvoltage to a value that is not hazardous for the electrical installation and electric switchgear and control gear.\r\n\r\nSPD eliminates overvoltage<\/strong>\r\n
                          \r\n \t
                        • In common mode, between phase and neutral or earth;<\/li>\r\n \t
                        • In differential mode, between phase and neutral.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn the event of an overvoltage exceeding the operating threshold, the SPD\r\n
                            \r\n \t
                          • Conducts the energy to earth, in common mode;<\/li>\r\n \t
                          • Distributes the energy to the other live conductors, in differential mode.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe three types of SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nType 1 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 1 SPD is recommended in the specific case of service-sector and industrial buildings, protected by a lightning protection system or a meshed cage.\r\n\r\nIt protects electrical installations against direct lightning strokes. It can discharge the back-current from lightning spreading from the earth conductor to the network conductors.\r\n\r\nType 1 SPD is characterized by a 10\/350 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 2 SPD is the main protection system for all low voltage electrical installations. Installed in each electrical switchboard, it prevents the spread of overvoltage in the electrical installations and protects the loads.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD is characterized by an 8\/20 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nType 3 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThese SPDs have a low discharge capacity. They must therefore mandatorily be installed as a supplement to Type 2 SPD and in the vicinity of sensitive loads.\r\n\r\nType 3 SPD is characterized by a combination of voltage waves (1.2\/50 \u03bcs) and current waves (8\/20 \u03bcs).\r\n\r\nSPD normative definition<\/strong>\r\n\r\nFig. J18 \u2013 SPD standard definition\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
                            <\/td>\r\nDirect lightning stroke<\/strong><\/td>\r\nIndirect lightning stroke<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            IEC 61643-1<\/strong><\/td>\r\nClass I test<\/td>\r\nClass II test<\/td>\r\nClass III test<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            IEC 61643-11\/2011<\/strong><\/td>\r\nType 1\u00a0:<\/td>\r\nType 2\u00a0:<\/td>\r\nType 3\u00a0:<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            EN\/IEC 61643-11<\/strong><\/td>\r\nType 1<\/td>\r\nType 2<\/td>\r\nType 3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            Former VDE 0675v<\/strong><\/td>\r\nB<\/td>\r\nC<\/td>\r\nD<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            Type of test wave<\/strong><\/td>\r\n10\/350<\/td>\r\n8\/20<\/td>\r\n1.2\/50 + 8\/20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
                              \r\n \t
                            • Note 1<\/strong>: There exist\u00a0 +\u00a0 \u00a0SPD (or Type 1 + 2 SPD) combining protection of loads against direct and indirect lightning strokes.<\/li>\r\n \t
                            • Note 2<\/strong>: some\u00a0 SPD can also be declared as\u00a0 .<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAccording to this;\r\n\r\nFirst Stage: Type 1 \/ Class 1 \/ Class B lightning protection surge arrester are the front protection units of the facility \/ structure. They are circuit elements capable of absorbing and damping direct lightning strikes that may come from power lines.\r\n\r\nIt must be installed in the main distribution \/ transformer panel inside and \/ or outside the building.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 50kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nSecond Stage: Type 2 \/ Class 2 \/ C Class Surge Protection Devices (Surge Arresters) are circuit elements used in the secondary and \/ or lower secondary panels of the facility \/ building. Compared to Type 1 \/ Class II surge arresters, their strength is lower but their sensitivity is better.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in an 8\/20 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 10kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 25kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nType 1 + 2 \/ Class 1 + 2 \/ B + C Class compact protection elements have been used as second level protection in recent years.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 40kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\nIt is used in the electrical panel of the uninterruptible power supply and \/ or in the secondary panels positioned like a main panel.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nThird Stage: Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class sudden overvoltage protection surge arresters are circuit elements used in its lines to protect sensitive electronic devices.\r\n\r\nThe product range is quite wide as it can be connected to different devices with different connection protocols \/ sockets \/ ports.\r\n\r\nBelow are some of the Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class surge arresters for different circuits \/ devices.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}