{"id":797,"date":"2023-12-19T16:31:05","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T08:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=797"},"modified":"2024-09-05T16:36:33","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T08:36:33","slug":"surge-protector-faq","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/blog\/surge-protector-faq\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Gerilim Koruyucu SSS"},"content":{"rendered":"Dalgalanma koruyucular\u0131 sonsuza kadar dayan\u0131r m\u0131?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nHay\u0131r, yapm\u0131yorlar. Bir a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim koruyucusu, bir g\u00fc\u00e7 dalgalanmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131 ekipman\u0131n\u0131zdan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, koruyucunun i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131 bir miktar hasar al\u0131r. Zamanla a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim koruyucunun ba\u011fl\u0131 ekipman\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcvende tutan par\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r. Bunun ne kadar s\u00fcrece\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7 dalgalanmalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve g\u00fcc\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\r\n\r\nMevcut MCB, ELCB vb. korumalar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilimlere kar\u015f\u0131 yeterli de\u011fil mi?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAll the existing protecting devices like MCB, ELCB etc. are current sensitive devices. They get activated based on a fault current. These devices are triggered when the fault current persists for duration of more than 3 to 20 milliseconds. However, the surge typically lasts for a few micro seconds only during which time it causes all the damage.\r\n\r\nHence the conventional devices like MCB, ELCB fuses etc. are not effective in protection against surges. In view of the above, special equipment called surge protection device which has a response time of two nanoseconds is required to be installed to protect against the surges.\r\n\r\nG\u00fc\u00e7 dalgalanmas\u0131 nedir?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nG\u00fc\u00e7 dalgalanmas\u0131, evinizin kablolar\u0131ndan akan elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131nda meydana gelen ani bir art\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ortak cihazlara, hassas AV elektroniklerine ve bilgisayar ekipmanlar\u0131na zarar verebilirler.\r\n\r\nSPD'lerde kullan\u0131lan farkl\u0131 teknolojiler nelerdir?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD'lerde kullan\u0131lan pop\u00fcler teknolojilerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. i) Gaz bo\u015faltma t\u00fcpleri<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. ii) Metal oksit varist\u00f6rler<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\niii) K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m aral\u0131\u011f\u0131\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. iv) Zener diyot<\/li>\r\n \t
    2. v) Silikon \u00c7\u0131\u011f diyotlar\u0131<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nBunlar aras\u0131nda gaz de\u015farj borulu, metal oksit varist\u00f6rl\u00fc ve k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m aral\u0131kl\u0131 parafudr t\u00fcrleri en pop\u00fcler olanlard\u0131r.\r\n\r\nG\u00fc\u00e7 dalgalanmas\u0131na ne sebep olur?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nG\u00fc\u00e7 dalgalanmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu evinizin i\u00e7inden kaynaklan\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7 dalgalanmalar\u0131na \u015fiddetli hava ko\u015fullar\u0131, ar\u0131zal\u0131 veya hasarl\u0131 elektrik kablolar\u0131 veya klima veya b\u00fcy\u00fck elektrik motoru gibi y\u00fcksek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir elektrikli cihaz\u0131n aniden a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapanmas\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 fakt\u00f6r neden olur.\r\n\r\nSPD de\u011ferleri hat ak\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re mi se\u00e7ilecek?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGenel olarak, elektrik G\u00fc\u00e7 devresine tak\u0131lan SPD'ler paralel olarak ba\u011flan\u0131r ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y\u00fck (hat) ak\u0131m\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olacakt\u0131r.\r\n\r\nNeden g\u00fc\u00e7 dalgalanmalar\u0131ndan endi\u015feleniyorsunuz?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nG\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 dalgalanmalar\u0131 ev ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 an\u0131nda yok edebilir. F\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu dalgalanmalara ek olarak, ortalama bir evde, di\u011fer \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan gelen birden fazla \u201cgizli\u201d dalgalanma ya\u015fanabilir. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dalgalanmalar elektronik cihazlarda k\u00fcm\u00fclatif hasara neden olur, \u00f6m\u00fcrlerini k\u0131salt\u0131r ve sonunda ar\u0131zalanmalar\u0131na neden olur.\r\n\r\nBelirli bir konuma hangi t\u00fcr SPD'lerin kurulaca\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l belirlenir?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nBelirli bir konumdaki SPD'lerin se\u00e7imi \u015funlara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r:\r\n
        \r\n \t
      1. a) Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fc\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan lokasyonun topo\u011frafyas\u0131.<\/li>\r\n \t
      2. b) B\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcklere yak\u0131nl\u0131k \/ k\u0131rsal besleyiciye vb. ba\u011fl\u0131 olma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan anahtarlama dalgalanmalar\u0131na duyarl\u0131l\u0131k.<\/li>\r\n \t
      3. c) Devreye ba\u011flanan ekipman\u0131n hassasiyeti.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nNormally SPDs with Class-B & C are installed at the main panels and SPDs with Class-C rate are installed at the sub panels. The ratings for class-B, SPDs shall be a minimum of 12.5 KA Iimp.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-C (Imax. rating), it should be, a minimum of 40 kA at the sub panels.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-D SPDs which are installed near sensitive equipment, the criteria shall be the residual voltage or the protection level which should be lower than the temporary over voltage withstanding capacity of the protected equipment.\r\n\r\nA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim koruyucu ne i\u015fe yarar?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim koruyucu, elektronik cihazlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 dalgalanmalar\u0131n\u0131n ve voltaj y\u00fckselmelerinin zararl\u0131 etkilerinden korur. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim koruyucular\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilimin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc emebilir ve da\u011f\u0131tabilir, b\u00f6ylece ba\u011fl\u0131 ekipman a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilime kar\u015f\u0131 korunur.\r\n\r\nKurulu SPD'nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l bilebiliriz?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD'ler her zaman elektrik devresine paralel ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan normal seyirde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle SPD'nin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek ve izlemek i\u00e7in elektrik konta\u011f\u0131 kullanan yerel ve uzaktan g\u00f6stergeye sahip olmak gerekir.\r\n\r\nSPD'ler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 topraklama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekli midir?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD'ler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 veya \u00f6zel bir topraklaman\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerekli de\u011fildir. SPD'ler her zaman genel toprak \u015febekesine ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\r\n\r\nSPD'nin verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in iyi bir topraklama sistemi gerekli midir?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nT\u00fcm SPD'ler fazla enerjiyi topra\u011fa y\u00f6nlendirerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu nedenle, darbe ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n herhangi bir engel olmadan topra\u011fa akabilmesi i\u00e7in SPD'ye ba\u011fl\u0131 topraklama sisteminin verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumda olmas\u0131 zorunludur.\r\n\r\nSPD'ler telefon hatlar\u0131, veri hatlar\u0131 vb. gibi elektrik devresi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki uygulamalar i\u00e7in mevcut mu?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTelefon hatlar\u0131, veri hatlar\u0131, Ethernet hatlar\u0131, sinyal hatlar\u0131 vb. gibi her devre i\u00e7in SPD'ler kesinlikle mevcuttur. T\u00fcm bu devrelerde SPD'ler seri olarak ba\u011flan\u0131r.\r\n\r\nBirincil SPD'ler ekipman korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli midir?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nHay\u0131r, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir tesisten b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tesise kadar, genellikle birincil koruman\u0131n servis giri\u015f paneline ve ikincil koruman\u0131n bran\u015fman panellerine kuruldu\u011fu basamakl\u0131 veya katmanl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n benimsenmesi gerekir. Her tesis, kullan\u0131lan ekipman\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak do\u011fru korumay\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in bireysel analiz gerektirir. Bu ekipman\u0131n besleme panelinden belli bir mesafeye yerle\u015ftirilmesi durumunda ilave kullan\u0131m noktas\u0131 SPD'lerinin dahil edilmesi bile gerekli olabilir. Kademeli bir yakla\u015f\u0131mIEEE taraf\u0131ndan tavsiye edilmektedir ve bu t\u00fcr bir yakla\u015f\u0131m tesis genelinde en etkili a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim korumas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. SPD'lerin nereye uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in ilgilendi\u011finiz ortam t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7in: end\u00fcstriyel, ticari veya konut.\r\n\r\nZaten bir izolasyon transformat\u00f6r\u00fcm varken neden bir SPD'ye ihtiyac\u0131m var?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0130zolasyon transformat\u00f6rleri \u00e7ok iyi ortak mod reddi sa\u011flar ancak iyi diferansiyel (normal) mod reddi sa\u011flamaz. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, hem hat (L) hem de n\u00f6tr (N) iletkenlerine e\u015fit olarak bindirilen bir dalgalanma, izolasyon transformat\u00f6r\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan reddedilecek, L ve N iletkenleri aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir dalgalanma ise transformat\u00f6rden ge\u00e7ecektir. Ayr\u0131ca, ge\u00e7ici ak\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun tesis i\u00e7indeki y\u00fckler taraf\u0131ndan, bunlar\u0131n y\u00fck taraf\u0131nda olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n.transformat\u00f6rler. Bir ekipmandan di\u011ferine dahili olarak \u00fcretilen bu ge\u00e7ici olaylar\u0131n etkilerini en aza indirmek i\u00e7in bir SPD yerle\u015ftirilmelidir.","protected":false},"featured_media":798,"parent":0,"menu_order":176,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[8],"class_list":["post-797","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-company-news"],"acf":{"des":"Do surge protectors last forever?No, they do not. Each time a surge protector reroutes a power surge away from your connected equipment, the internal structure of the protector takes a little bit of damage.","txt":"Do surge protectors last forever?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNo, they do not. Each time a surge protector reroutes a power surge away from your connected equipment, the internal structure of the protector takes a little bit of damage. Over time the parts of the surge protector that keep your connected equipment safe simply stop working. How long this takes depends on the frequency and strength of power surges.\r\n\r\nAre the existing protections like MCB, ELCB etc. not sufficient to protect against surges?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAll the existing protecting devices like MCB, ELCB etc. are current sensitive devices. They get activated based on a fault current. These devices are triggered when the fault current persists for duration of more than 3 to 20 milliseconds. However, the surge typically lasts for a few micro seconds only during which time it causes all the damage.\r\n\r\nHence the conventional devices like MCB, ELCB fuses etc. are not effective in protection against surges. In view of the above, special equipment called surge protection device which has a response time of two nanoseconds is required to be installed to protect against the surges.\r\n\r\nWhat is a power surge?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA power surge is a spike in the electrical current flowing through the wires of your house. They can damage common appliances, sensitive AV electronics and computer equipment.\r\n\r\nWhat are the different technologies used in SPDs?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSome of the popular technologies used in SPDs are the following:\r\n
          \r\n \t
        1. i) Gas discharge tubes<\/li>\r\n \t
        2. ii) Metal oxide varistors<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\niii) Spark gap\r\n
            \r\n \t
          1. iv) Zener diode<\/li>\r\n \t
          2. v) Silicon Avalanche diodes<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nAmong these, gas discharge tubes, metal oxide varistors and spark gap are the most popular types of surge arresters.\r\n\r\nWhat causes a power surge?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMost power surges stem from inside your home. Power surges are caused by many different factors, including severe weather, faulty or damaged electric wiring or the sudden turning on and off of a high power electrical device like an air conditioner or large electric motor.\r\n\r\nAre the SPDs ratings to be selected depending on the line current?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGenerally, the SPDs installed on the electrical Power circuit are connected in parallel and hence will be independent of load (line) current.\r\n\r\nWhy worry about power surges?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nStrong power surges can wipe out your home equipment in an instant. In addition to surges caused by storms, the average home can experience multiple \u201chidden\u201d surges a day from other various sources. These smaller surges cause cumulative damage to electronics, shortening their life and eventually causing them to fail.\r\n\r\nHow to determine what types of SPDs are to be installed at a given location?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe selection of SPDs at a given location depends on:\r\n
              \r\n \t
            1. a) The topography of the location in terms of lightning strikes.<\/li>\r\n \t
            2. b) Susceptibility to switching surges in terms of proximity to large loads \/ connected to rural feeder etc.<\/li>\r\n \t
            3. c) Sensitivity of the equipment connected to the circuit.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nNormally SPDs with Class-B & C are installed at the main panels and SPDs with Class-C rate are installed at the sub panels. The ratings for class-B, SPDs shall be a minimum of 12.5 KA Iimp.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-C (Imax. rating), it should be, a minimum of 40 kA at the sub panels.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-D SPDs which are installed near sensitive equipment, the criteria shall be the residual voltage or the protection level which should be lower than the temporary over voltage withstanding capacity of the protected equipment.\r\n\r\nWhat does a surge protector do?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA surge protector safeguards electronics from the harmful effects of power surges and voltage spikes. Surge protectors can absorb and dissipate the power of a surge so that connected equipment is shielded from the surge.\r\n\r\nHow does one know the SPD installed is working?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSince the SPDs are always connected in parallel to the electrical circuit, during the normal course it is not possible to know whether they are in working condition or not. Hence it is necessary to have a local and remote indication using electrical contact in order to know and monitor the healthiness of the SPD.\r\n\r\nIs it necessary for having separate grounding for SPDs?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIt is not necessary to have a separate or dedicated grounding for SPDs. The SPDs should always be connected to the general earth grid.\r\n\r\nIs a good earthing system necessary for efficient working of the SPD?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAll SPDs work by diverting the excess energy to the ground. Hence it is imperative that the earthing system connected to the SPD must be in efficient working condition so that the surge current can flow to the earth without any hindrance.\r\n\r\nAre SPDs available for applications other than the electrical circuit like telephone lines, data lines etc.?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPDs are certainly available for every circuit like telephone lines, data lines, Ethernet lines, signal lines etc. In all these circuits SPDs are connected in series.\r\n\r\nAre primary SPDs alone sufficient for equipment protection?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNo, from a small facility to a large facility, it is usually necessary to adopt a cascaded or layered approach where primary protection is installed at the service entrance panel, and secondary protection at branch panels. Each facility requires individual analysis to determine the right protection to meet the needs of the equipment being used. It can even be necessary to include additional point-of-use SPDs if this equipment is located some distance from the supplying panel. A cascaded approach is recommended by the IEEE and this type of approach will provide the most effective surge protection throughout a facility. For more information on where to apply SPDs, select the type of environment you\u2019re interested in: industrial, commercial, or residential.\r\n\r\nWhy do I need an SPD when I already have an isolation transformer?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIsolation transformers provide very good common mode rejection but do not provide good differential (normal) mode rejection. In other words, a surge superimposed equally on both the line (L) and neutral (N) conductors will see rejection by the isolation transformer, while a surge appearing differentially between the L and N conductors will pass through the transformer. Also, keep in mind the majority of transients are being generated by the loads within the facility, on the load side of these transformers. To minimize the effects of these internally generated transients from one piece of equipment to another an SPD should be placed."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}