{"id":758,"date":"2023-12-19T20:49:46","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T12:49:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=758"},"modified":"2024-09-05T16:35:18","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T08:35:18","slug":"low-voltage-power-supply-systems","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/blog\/low-voltage-power-supply-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Al\u00e7ak Gerilim G\u00fc\u00e7 Kayna\u011f\u0131 Sistemleri"},"content":{"rendered":"IEC terminolojisi<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInternational standard IEC 60364 distinguishes three families of earthing arrangements, using the two-letter codes TN, TT, and IT.\r\n\r\nThe first letter indicates the connection between earth and the power-supply equipment (generator or transformer):\r\n\r\n\u201cT\u201d \u2014 Direct connection of a point with earth\r\n\r\n\u201cI\u201d \u2014 No point is connected with earth, except perhaps via high impedance.\r\n\r\nThe second letter indicates the connection between earth or network and the electrical device being supplied:\r\n\r\n\u201cT\u201d \u2014 Earth connection is by a local direct connection to earth, usually via a ground rod.\r\n\r\n\u201cN\u201d \u2014 the earth connection is supplied by the electricity supply network, either separately to the neutral conductor (TN-S), combined with the neutral conductor (TN-C), or both (TN-C-S). These are discussed below.\r\n\r\nTN a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcrleri<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn a TN earthing system, one of the points in the generator or transformer is connected with earth, usually the star point in a three-phase system. The body of the electrical device is connected with earth via this earth connection at the transformer. This arrangement is a current standard for residential and industrial electric systems particularly in Europe.\r\n\r\nThe conductor that connects the exposed metallic parts of the consumer\u2019s electrical installation is called protective earth (PE; see also: Ground). The conductor that connects to the star point in a three-phase system, or that carries the return current in a single-phase system, is called neutral (N). Three variants of TN systems are distinguished:\r\n\r\nTN\u2212S<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPE ve N, yaln\u0131zca g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda birbirine ba\u011flanan ayr\u0131 iletkenlerdir.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTN\u2212C<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKombine bir PEN iletkeni hem PE hem de N iletkeninin i\u015flevlerini yerine getirir. (Normalde yaln\u0131zca da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m a\u011flar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan 230\/400 V sistemlerde)\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTN\u2212C\u2212S<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSistemin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, bir noktada ayr\u0131 PE ve N hatlar\u0131na ayr\u0131lan birle\u015fik bir PEN iletkeni kullan\u0131yor. Birle\u015fik PEN iletkeni tipik olarak trafo merkezi ile binaya giri\u015f noktas\u0131 aras\u0131nda olu\u015fur ve servis kafas\u0131nda toprak ve n\u00f6tr ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k'ta bu sistem ayn\u0131 zamanda koruyucu \u00e7oklu topraklama (PME) olarak da bilinir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc birle\u015fik n\u00f6tr ve toprak iletkenini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa rota \u00fczerinden kaynaktaki yerel toprak \u00e7ubuklar\u0131na ba\u011flama uygulamas\u0131 nedeniyleve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m a\u011flar\u0131 boyunca her bir binaya aral\u0131klarla, bu konumlar\u0131n her birinde hem sistem topraklamas\u0131n\u0131 hem de ekipman topraklamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak. Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda'daki benzer sistemler, \u00e7oklu toprakl\u0131 n\u00f6tr (MEN) ve Kuzey Amerika'da \u00e7ok toprakl\u0131 n\u00f6tr (MGN) olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTT a\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\r\n\r\nBir TT topraklama sisteminde, t\u00fcketici i\u00e7in koruyucu toprak ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 yerel bir toprak elektrotu taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131r ve jenerat\u00f6re ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak monte edilmi\u015f bir ba\u015fka elektrot daha vard\u0131r. \u0130kisi aras\u0131nda \u2018topraklama kablosu\u2019 yok. Ar\u0131za d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc empedans\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir ve elektrot empedans\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, bir TT kurulumunun ilk izolat\u00f6r\u00fc olarak her zaman bir RCD'ye (GFCI) sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nBT a\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\r\n\r\nBir BT a\u011f\u0131nda, elektrik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sisteminin toprakla hi\u00e7bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 yoktur veya yaln\u0131zca y\u00fcksek empedansl\u0131 bir ba\u011flant\u0131 vard\u0131r.\r\n\r\n\"\"","protected":false},"featured_media":780,"parent":0,"menu_order":147,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[8],"class_list":["post-758","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-company-news"],"acf":{"des":"International standard IEC 60364 distinguishes three families of earthing arrangements, using the two-letter codes TN, TT, and IT.","txt":"IEC terminology<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInternational standard IEC 60364 distinguishes three families of earthing arrangements, using the two-letter codes TN, TT, and IT.\r\n\r\nThe first letter indicates the connection between earth and the power-supply equipment (generator or transformer):\r\n\r\n\u201cT\u201d \u2014 Direct connection of a point with earth\r\n\r\n\u201cI\u201d \u2014 No point is connected with earth, except perhaps via high impedance.\r\n\r\nThe second letter indicates the connection between earth or network and the electrical device being supplied:\r\n\r\n\u201cT\u201d \u2014 Earth connection is by a local direct connection to earth, usually via a ground rod.\r\n\r\n\u201cN\u201d \u2014 the earth connection is supplied by the electricity supply network, either separately to the neutral conductor (TN-S), combined with the neutral conductor (TN-C), or both (TN-C-S). These are discussed below.\r\n\r\nTypes of TN networks<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn a TN earthing system, one of the points in the generator or transformer is connected with earth, usually the star point in a three-phase system. The body of the electrical device is connected with earth via this earth connection at the transformer. This arrangement is a current standard for residential and industrial electric systems particularly in Europe.\r\n\r\nThe conductor that connects the exposed metallic parts of the consumer\u2019s electrical installation is called protective earth (PE; see also: Ground). The conductor that connects to the star point in a three-phase system, or that carries the return current in a single-phase system, is called neutral (N). Three variants of TN systems are distinguished:\r\n\r\nTN\u2212S<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPE and N are separate conductors that are connected together only near the power source.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTN\u2212C<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA combined PEN conductor fulfills the functions of both a PE and an N conductor. (On 230\/400 V systems normally only used for distribution networks)\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTN\u2212C\u2212S<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPart of the system uses a combined PEN conductor, which is at some point split up into separate PE and N lines. The combined PEN conductor typically occurs between the substation and the entry point into the building, and earth and neutral are separated in the service head. In the UK, this system is also known as protective multiple earthing (PME), because of the practice of connecting the combined neutral-and-earth conductor via the shortest practicable route to local earth rods at the source and at intervals along the distribution networks to each premises, to provide both system earthing and equipment earthing at each of these locations. Similar systems in Australia and New Zealand are designated as multiple earthed neutral (MEN) and, in North America, as multi-grounded neutral (MGN).\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTT network<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn a TT earthing system, the protective earth connection for the consumer is provided by a local earth electrode, and there is another independently installed at the generator. There is no \u2018earth wire\u2019 between the two. The fault loop impedance is higher, and unless the electrode impedance is very low indeed, a TT installation should always have an RCD (GFCI) as its first isolator.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nIT network<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn an IT network, the electrical distribution system has no connection to earth at all, or it has only a high-impedance connection.\r\n\r\n\"\""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}