{"id":2699,"date":"2026-10-08T14:57:17","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T06:57:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=2699"},"modified":"2026-10-13T14:57:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T06:57:47","slug":"how-to-select-solar-spd-according-to-pv-inverter-specifications","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ru\/blog\/how-to-select-solar-spd-according-to-pv-inverter-specifications\/","title":{"rendered":"How To Select Solar SPD According To PV Inverter Specifications"},"content":{"rendered":"

Selecting a solar SPD<\/a> is not a one-size-fits-all decision. The right DC surge protective device depends almost entirely on the electrical specifications printed on your PV inverter datasheet. At Britec Electric, our engineering team has manufactured IEC\/EN 61643-31 compliant surge protection devices since 2003 from our Wenzhou, Zhejiang facility, holding ISO 9001, T\u00dcV, CE and Intertek SEMKO certifications. In this guide we walk B2B buyers, EPCs and O&M teams through a specification-driven selection method so the SPD you install actually protects the inverter instead of becoming a liability.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Why PV Inverter Specifications Decide Your Solar SPD<\/h2>\r\n

A PV inverter converts the direct current from the solar array into grid-compliant alternating current, and its DC input stage is continuously exposed to the open-circuit voltage of the strings plus any transient overvoltages coupled from lightning or grid faults. A surge protective device placed at the DC input must survive the highest voltage the array can present and clamp fast enough to keep the inverter\u2019s sensitive IGBTs, MPPT controllers and DC capacitors below their impulse withstand rating.<\/p>\r\n

Choosing the SPD before reading the inverter nameplate is the most common cause of premature SPD failure, nuisance tripping of the DC breaker, or worse, a surge that bypasses the protector and damages the inverter. The good news: every parameter you need is already on the inverter datasheet. This article translates those inverter numbers into the four SPD ratings that matter \u2014 Ucpv, In\/Imax, Up and type \u2014 so your specification is repeatable across projects and across inverter brands.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Five Inverter Parameters That Drive SPD Selection<\/h2>\r\n

Before comparing models, pull the inverter\u2019s DC-side datasheet and locate five values. The table below maps each inverter parameter to the SPD rating it controls.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Inverter parameter<\/th>\r\nWhere to find it<\/th>\r\nSPD rating it sets<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Maximum system \/ open-circuit voltage (Voc)<\/td>\r\nNameplate \u201cMax DC input voltage\u201d or VDC max<\/td>\r\nUcpv (max continuous operating voltage)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Lightning exposure \/ LPS<\/td>\r\nSite risk assessment, IEC 62305<\/td>\r\nSPD Type (Type 2 or Type 1+2)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Local thunderstorm density (Ng)<\/td>\r\nRegional data \/ IEC 62305<\/td>\r\nIn \/ Imax (discharge current)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Inverter impulse withstand (Uw)<\/td>\r\nInverter IEC 62109 rating<\/td>\r\nUp (voltage protection level)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Array topology and earthing<\/td>\r\nSystem design drawings<\/td>\r\nNumber of poles and mounting<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

In short, the SPD is specified backwards from the inverter rather than forwards from a catalogue:<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Maximum PV open-circuit voltage (Voc,max) \u2192 defines the SPD continuous operating voltage Ucpv.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Lightning protection concept and exposure \u2192 defines whether you need Type 2 or Type 1+2.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Expected surge current in the region \u2192 defines nominal discharge current In and maximum Imax.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Impulse withstand voltage of the inverter (Uw) \u2192 defines the maximum Up.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Array topology (grounded, ungrounded, pole count) \u2192 defines the pole count and mounting.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Step 1 \u2014 Match the Maximum System Voltage (Ucpv vs Voc)<\/h2>\r\n

The single most important number is the maximum DC voltage the array can present to the SPD. Inverter datasheets list a \u201cmaximum PV input voltage\u201d (commonly 1000 V for commercial systems, 1500 V for utility scale, 600 V for older residential units). But the array open-circuit voltage rises in cold weather because crystalline silicon modules have a negative voltage temperature coefficient of roughly \u22120.3 %\/\u00b0C. A string sized for 900 V at 25 \u00b0C can exceed 1000 V on a \u221210 \u00b0C morning, so the SPD must be rated for the worst-case cold Voc, not the nominal nameplate.<\/p>\r\n

Rule of thumb: the SPD Ucpv must exceed the highest expected Voc after the temperature correction, with margin. For 1000 V class systems Britec specifies a Ucpv of 1200 V; for 1500 V systems a Ucpv of 1500 V or higher. Never fit a 600 V AC SPD onto a 1000 V DC string \u2014 the continuous voltage alone will destroy it. For a 1000 V inverter, the BRPV3-1000 Type 2 PV surge arrester<\/a> (Ucpv 1200 V, In 20 kA, Up \u2264 4.0 kV) is the standard match. For 1500 V utility-scale inverters, choose the BRPV3-1500-12.5 T1+T2 PV surge arrester<\/a> rated to 1500 V.<\/p>\r\n

\"BRPV3-1000<\/a><\/p>\r\n

BRPV3-1000 Type 2 \u2014 1000 V class solar SPD (Ucpv 1200 V, In 20 kA). Click to view full specifications.<\/p>\r\n

\"BRPV3-1500-12.5<\/a><\/p>\r\n

BRPV3-1500-12.5 T1+T2 \u2014 1500 V class solar SPD for utility-scale inverters. Click to view full specifications.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Step 2 \u2014 Choose the SPD Type (Type 1+2 vs Type 2)<\/h2>\r\n

DC SPDs follow IEC\/EN 61643-31 and are classed by the surge they can absorb. A Type 2 device handles induced (indirect) surges with a nominal discharge current In (8\/20 \u00b5s). A Type 1+2 (combination) device adds an impulse current Iimp (10\/350 \u00b5s) rating to survive a portion of a direct lightning strike where the SPD is installed downstream of an external lightning protection system (LPS). If your inverter or combiner box sits inside a structure protected by an LPS, or the array is exposed on a rooftop or open field with direct-strike risk, specify Type 1+2. If the installation is indoor, well shielded, and only indirect surges are expected, a Type 2 device is sufficient and more economical.<\/p>\r\n

\u0410 BRPV3-1000-20 Type 1+2 PV surge arrester<\/a> carries a 20 kA T1+T2 rating for harsher lightning zones, while the BRPV3-1000 Type 2 covers lower-risk sites. Always coordinate the SPD type with the project\u2019s lightning protection study rather than defaulting to the cheapest option.<\/p>\r\n

\"BRPV3-1000-20<\/a><\/p>\r\n

BRPV3-1000-20 Type 1+2 \u2014 20 kA T1+T2 rated for high lightning-risk 1000 V sites. Click to view full specifications.<\/p>\r\n

Not sure which SPD type your inverter needs?<\/strong>Send us your PV inverter datasheet and Britec engineers will confirm whether you need Type 2 or Type 1+2 \u2014 with the exact model recommendation.\r\nTalk To Our Engineers<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Step 3 \u2014 Size the Nominal Discharge Current (In) and Imax<\/h2>\r\n

In (8\/20 \u00b5s) is the current the SPD can repeatedly absorb without degradation; Imax is the maximum it can survive once. Select In from the site\u2019s thunderstorm ground-flash density (Ng) and the distance from the array to the LPS. Britec\u2019s PV range starts at In 20 kA for combiner-box and inverter-DC applications, which covers most commercial roofs and ground mounts.<\/p>\r\n

A common error is copying the AC-side kA rating onto the DC side. DC arcs are harder to extinguish than AC arcs, so the SPD\u2019s built-in thermal disconnector and coordination with the upstream DC circuit breaker matter more than a headline kA number. Specify Imax at least 40 kA for exposed sites and verify the SPD carries a short-circuit current rating (Isc) matched to the array short-circuit current so the protector fails safely instead of welding shut.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Step 4 \u2014 Keep the Voltage Protection Level (Up) Below the Inverter Withstand<\/h2>\r\n

Up is the residual voltage the SPD lets through while clamping. Your inverter\u2019s DC input is rated to an impulse withstand voltage (Uw) under IEC 62109, typically 4 kV for PV equipment. The selected SPD Up must be lower than Uw; otherwise the clamped surge still exceeds what the inverter can tolerate. Britec PV SPDs hold Up \u2264 4.0 kV, aligning with the 4 kV withstand of modern 1000 V and 1500 V inverters.<\/p>\r\n

When several protectors sit in series (for example a Type 1+2 at the combiner and a Type 2 at the inverter), check the combined let-through against Uw rather than each device in isolation. A lower Up also protects downstream DC-DC converters and the inverter\u2019s MPPT stage more effectively, which is where most lightning-related inverter failures actually start.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Step 5 \u2014 Confirm Poles, Mounting and Remote Signaling<\/h2>\r\n

PV arrays are usually ungrounded or have a single pole grounded, so a 2-pole SPD (protecting + to PE and \u2212 to PE) is typical; 3-pole versions suit systems with a neutral or mixed topology. Match the pole count to the array earthing design rather than defaulting to the AC convention. Mounting is standardized on a 35 mm DIN rail inside the combiner box, the inverter\u2019s DC isolation compartment, or a dedicated DC distribution cabinet \u2014 keep lead lengths short to preserve the low Up.<\/p>\r\n

For O&M efficiency specify a device with a visual green\/red status window and an optional remote-signaling contact that reports end-of-life to the site monitoring system, so a failed SPD is replaced before it leaves the inverter unprotected. Britec\u2019s PV range offers the remote-signal option across the BRPV3 family.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

A Worked Example \u2014 Selecting SPD for 1000 V and 1500 V Inverters<\/h2>\r\n

Consider two projects. Project A uses a 1000 V commercial inverter with maximum Voc 1000 V after temperature correction, indirect-surge exposure, moderate Ng, inverter Uw 4 kV and an ungrounded 2-pole array. The match is BRPV3-1000 Type 2: Ucpv 1200 V, In 20 kA, Imax 40 kA, Up \u2264 4.0 kV, 2-pole. Project B is a 1500 V utility plant in a high Ng region with an LPS; it needs BRPV3-1500-12.5 T1+T2: Ucpv 1500 V, 12.5 kA T1 impulse plus 20 kA T2, Up within inverter limits, 1500 V class. The comparison below shows how the three Britec solar SPDs map to different inverter specs.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Model<\/th>\r\nSystem voltage<\/th>\r\n\u0422\u0438\u043f<\/th>\r\nIn \/ Imax<\/th>\r\n\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445<\/th>\r\nBest for<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
BRPV3-1000 Type 2<\/a><\/td>\r\n1000 V (Ucpv 1200 V)<\/td>\r\n\u0422\u0438\u043f 2<\/td>\r\nIn 20 kA \/ Imax 40 kA<\/td>\r\n\u2264 4.0 kV<\/td>\r\nStandard 1000 V commercial & roof<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
BRPV3-1500-12.5 T1+T2<\/a><\/td>\r\n1500 V<\/td>\r\nT1+T2<\/td>\r\n12.5 kA T1 \/ 20 kA T2<\/td>\r\nper spec<\/td>\r\n1500 V utility-scale with LPS<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
BRPV3-1000-20 T1+2<\/a><\/td>\r\n1000 V (Ucpv 1200 V)<\/td>\r\nT1+2<\/td>\r\nIn 20 kA<\/td>\r\n\u2264 4.0 kV<\/td>\r\nHigh lightning-risk 1000 V sites<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

Need a matched SPD for your exact inverter model?<\/strong>Share the maximum DC voltage, lightning zone and pole count, and we will return a written specification with the correct Ucpv, In and Up.\r\nRequest A Free Spec<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Common Mistakes When Selecting Solar SPDs<\/h2>\r\n

\u25cf Fitting a 600 V or AC-rated SPD onto a 1000 V \/ 1500 V DC string \u2014 continuous overvoltage destroys it.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Ignoring the temperature coefficient of Voc and under-sizing Ucpv for cold climates.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Using an AC SPD on the DC side because it \u201clooks the same\u201d \u2014 AC and DC interruption physics differ.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Choosing Imax without coordinating the SPD\u2019s short-circuit rating with the array Isc and the DC breaker.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Forgetting remote signaling, so a failed SPD goes unnoticed until the inverter is damaged.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Matching pole count to AC habits instead of the actual PV earthing topology.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b<\/h2>\r\n

What does Ucpv mean on a solar SPD, and how is it related to my inverter\u2019s maximum voltage?<\/p>\r\n

Ucpv is the maximum continuous operating voltage the SPD can withstand indefinitely. It must exceed the array\u2019s highest open-circuit voltage (Voc) after cold-temperature correction, with margin. For a 1000 V inverter, specify Ucpv \u2265 1200 V; for a 1500 V inverter, Ucpv \u2265 1500 V.<\/p>\r\n

Can I use an AC surge protector on the DC side of a PV inverter?<\/p>\r\n

No. AC SPDs are tested to IEC\/EN 61643-11 and assume AC zero-crossing to extinguish the arc. DC arcs do not self-extinguish at the same point, so a DC-rated device tested to IEC\/EN 61643-31 with a proper thermal disconnector is required on the PV side.<\/p>\r\n

Should I choose a Type 2 or a Type 1+2 solar SPD?<\/p>\r\n

Choose Type 1+2 when the inverter or combiner is inside a structure with an external lightning protection system, or where direct-strike risk is high (open fields, tall rooftops). Choose Type 2 for indoor, well-shielded sites with only indirect surges. Base the decision on the project\u2019s IEC 62305 risk assessment.<\/p>\r\n

How do I size the kA rating (In and Imax) for a PV surge arrester?<\/p>\r\n

Start from the regional thunderstorm ground-flash density (Ng) and the distance to the LPS. Britec\u2019s PV devices begin at In 20 kA, which suits most commercial roofs and ground mounts; specify Imax \u2265 40 kA for exposed sites and confirm the short-circuit rating matches the array Isc.<\/p>\r\n

What Up (voltage protection level) is safe for my inverter?<\/p>\r\n

The SPD Up must stay below the inverter\u2019s impulse withstand voltage Uw (commonly 4 kV under IEC 62109). Britec PV SPDs hold Up \u2264 4.0 kV, matching modern 1000 V and 1500 V inverters. When multiple SPDs are in series, verify the combined let-through against Uw.<\/p>\r\n

Where should the SPD be installed \u2014 combiner box or inverter DC input?<\/p>\r\n

Both locations are valid. Install at the combiner box to protect each string group, and\/or at the inverter DC input as the last line of defense. Keep conductor lengths short and coordinate with the DC breaker. Many designs use a Type 1+2 at the combiner and a Type 2 at the inverter.<\/p>\r\n

How many poles does a solar SPD need?<\/p>\r\n

A 2-pole device (protecting + to PE and \u2212 to PE) suits most ungrounded PV strings. 3-pole versions are used where a neutral or mixed topology exists. Match the pole count to the earthing design, not to AC distribution habits.<\/p>\r\n

Does a 1500 V inverter need a different SPD than a 1000 V system?<\/p>\r\n

Yes. A 1500 V inverter requires an SPD with Ucpv \u2265 1500 V and insulation rated for the higher bus, such as the BRPV3-1500-12.5 T1+T2. Reusing a 1000 V-class SPD on a 1500 V string will fail immediately under continuous voltage.<\/p>\r\n

How do I know when a solar SPD needs replacement?<\/p>\r\n

A green\/red status window shows end-of-life locally, and the optional remote-signaling contact reports it to your monitoring system. Inspect at each O&M visit and replace the module as soon as the window turns red or the signal triggers. See our guide on replacement intervals for a full schedule.<\/p>\r\n

Ready to specify your solar SPD?<\/strong>Get a written recommendation, datasheets and a volume quote from Britec\u2019s engineering team today.\r\nContact Britec For A Quote<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Related Resources<\/h2>\r\n

\u25cf How Solar SPD Protects Photovoltaic Systems From Lightning Damage<\/a><\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Type 1 vs 1+2 vs 2 vs 3 DC SPD: Which To Choose<\/a><\/p>\r\n

\u25cf 1500V vs 1000V DC SPD: Should You Upgrade<\/a><\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Electrical SPD For Solar PV Systems: Do You Really Need It<\/a><\/p>\r\n

\u25cf What Causes Solar DC SPDs To Overheat Or Fail Prematurely<\/a><\/p>\r\n

\u25cf How Often Should A Solar SPD Be Replaced<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":2655,"parent":0,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[9],"class_list":["post-2699","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-industry-news"],"acf":{"des":"A practical, specification-driven guide to selecting a solar SPD by matching PV inverter parameters \u2014 system voltage (Ucpv), discharge current (In\/Imax), voltage protection level (Up) and SPD type (Type 1+2 \/ Type 2) \u2014 for safe 1000 V and 1500 V PV installations, with a worked example.","txt":"

Selecting a solar SPD<\/a> is not a one-size-fits-all decision. The right DC surge protective device depends almost entirely on the electrical specifications printed on your PV inverter datasheet. At Britec Electric, our engineering team has manufactured IEC\/EN 61643-31 compliant surge protection devices since 2003 from our Wenzhou, Zhejiang facility, holding ISO 9001, T\u00dcV, CE and Intertek SEMKO certifications. In this guide we walk B2B buyers, EPCs and O&M teams through a specification-driven selection method so the SPD you install actually protects the inverter instead of becoming a liability.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Why PV Inverter Specifications Decide Your Solar SPD<\/h2>\r\n

A PV inverter converts the direct current from the solar array into grid-compliant alternating current, and its DC input stage is continuously exposed to the open-circuit voltage of the strings plus any transient overvoltages coupled from lightning or grid faults. A surge protective device placed at the DC input must survive the highest voltage the array can present and clamp fast enough to keep the inverter\u2019s sensitive IGBTs, MPPT controllers and DC capacitors below their impulse withstand rating.<\/p>\r\n

Choosing the SPD before reading the inverter nameplate is the most common cause of premature SPD failure, nuisance tripping of the DC breaker, or worse, a surge that bypasses the protector and damages the inverter. The good news: every parameter you need is already on the inverter datasheet. This article translates those inverter numbers into the four SPD ratings that matter \u2014 Ucpv, In\/Imax, Up and type \u2014 so your specification is repeatable across projects and across inverter brands.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Five Inverter Parameters That Drive SPD Selection<\/h2>\r\n

Before comparing models, pull the inverter\u2019s DC-side datasheet and locate five values. The table below maps each inverter parameter to the SPD rating it controls.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Inverter parameter<\/th>\r\nWhere to find it<\/th>\r\nSPD rating it sets<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Maximum system \/ open-circuit voltage (Voc)<\/td>\r\nNameplate \u201cMax DC input voltage\u201d or VDC max<\/td>\r\nUcpv (max continuous operating voltage)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Lightning exposure \/ LPS<\/td>\r\nSite risk assessment, IEC 62305<\/td>\r\nSPD Type (Type 2 or Type 1+2)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Local thunderstorm density (Ng)<\/td>\r\nRegional data \/ IEC 62305<\/td>\r\nIn \/ Imax (discharge current)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Inverter impulse withstand (Uw)<\/td>\r\nInverter IEC 62109 rating<\/td>\r\nUp (voltage protection level)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Array topology and earthing<\/td>\r\nSystem design drawings<\/td>\r\nNumber of poles and mounting<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

In short, the SPD is specified backwards from the inverter rather than forwards from a catalogue:<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Maximum PV open-circuit voltage (Voc,max) \u2192 defines the SPD continuous operating voltage Ucpv.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Lightning protection concept and exposure \u2192 defines whether you need Type 2 or Type 1+2.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Expected surge current in the region \u2192 defines nominal discharge current In and maximum Imax.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Impulse withstand voltage of the inverter (Uw) \u2192 defines the maximum Up.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Array topology (grounded, ungrounded, pole count) \u2192 defines the pole count and mounting.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Step 1 \u2014 Match the Maximum System Voltage (Ucpv vs Voc)<\/h2>\r\n

The single most important number is the maximum DC voltage the array can present to the SPD. Inverter datasheets list a \u201cmaximum PV input voltage\u201d (commonly 1000 V for commercial systems, 1500 V for utility scale, 600 V for older residential units). But the array open-circuit voltage rises in cold weather because crystalline silicon modules have a negative voltage temperature coefficient of roughly \u22120.3 %\/\u00b0C. A string sized for 900 V at 25 \u00b0C can exceed 1000 V on a \u221210 \u00b0C morning, so the SPD must be rated for the worst-case cold Voc, not the nominal nameplate.<\/p>\r\n

Rule of thumb: the SPD Ucpv must exceed the highest expected Voc after the temperature correction, with margin. For 1000 V class systems Britec specifies a Ucpv of 1200 V; for 1500 V systems a Ucpv of 1500 V or higher. Never fit a 600 V AC SPD onto a 1000 V DC string \u2014 the continuous voltage alone will destroy it. For a 1000 V inverter, the BRPV3-1000 Type 2 PV surge arrester<\/a> (Ucpv 1200 V, In 20 kA, Up \u2264 4.0 kV) is the standard match. For 1500 V utility-scale inverters, choose the BRPV3-1500-12.5 T1+T2 PV surge arrester<\/a> rated to 1500 V.<\/p>\r\n

\"BRPV3-1000<\/a><\/p>\r\n

BRPV3-1000 Type 2 \u2014 1000 V class solar SPD (Ucpv 1200 V, In 20 kA). Click to view full specifications.<\/p>\r\n

\"BRPV3-1500-12.5<\/a><\/p>\r\n

BRPV3-1500-12.5 T1+T2 \u2014 1500 V class solar SPD for utility-scale inverters. Click to view full specifications.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Step 2 \u2014 Choose the SPD Type (Type 1+2 vs Type 2)<\/h2>\r\n

DC SPDs follow IEC\/EN 61643-31 and are classed by the surge they can absorb. A Type 2 device handles induced (indirect) surges with a nominal discharge current In (8\/20 \u00b5s). A Type 1+2 (combination) device adds an impulse current Iimp (10\/350 \u00b5s) rating to survive a portion of a direct lightning strike where the SPD is installed downstream of an external lightning protection system (LPS). If your inverter or combiner box sits inside a structure protected by an LPS, or the array is exposed on a rooftop or open field with direct-strike risk, specify Type 1+2. If the installation is indoor, well shielded, and only indirect surges are expected, a Type 2 device is sufficient and more economical.<\/p>\r\n

The BRPV3-1000-20 Type 1+2 PV surge arrester<\/a> carries a 20 kA T1+T2 rating for harsher lightning zones, while the BRPV3-1000 Type 2 covers lower-risk sites. Always coordinate the SPD type with the project\u2019s lightning protection study rather than defaulting to the cheapest option.<\/p>\r\n

\"BRPV3-1000-20<\/a><\/p>\r\n

BRPV3-1000-20 Type 1+2 \u2014 20 kA T1+T2 rated for high lightning-risk 1000 V sites. Click to view full specifications.<\/p>\r\n

Not sure which SPD type your inverter needs?<\/strong>Send us your PV inverter datasheet and Britec engineers will confirm whether you need Type 2 or Type 1+2 \u2014 with the exact model recommendation.\r\nTalk To Our Engineers<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Step 3 \u2014 Size the Nominal Discharge Current (In) and Imax<\/h2>\r\n

In (8\/20 \u00b5s) is the current the SPD can repeatedly absorb without degradation; Imax is the maximum it can survive once. Select In from the site\u2019s thunderstorm ground-flash density (Ng) and the distance from the array to the LPS. Britec\u2019s PV range starts at In 20 kA for combiner-box and inverter-DC applications, which covers most commercial roofs and ground mounts.<\/p>\r\n

A common error is copying the AC-side kA rating onto the DC side. DC arcs are harder to extinguish than AC arcs, so the SPD\u2019s built-in thermal disconnector and coordination with the upstream DC circuit breaker matter more than a headline kA number. Specify Imax at least 40 kA for exposed sites and verify the SPD carries a short-circuit current rating (Isc) matched to the array short-circuit current so the protector fails safely instead of welding shut.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Step 4 \u2014 Keep the Voltage Protection Level (Up) Below the Inverter Withstand<\/h2>\r\n

Up is the residual voltage the SPD lets through while clamping. Your inverter\u2019s DC input is rated to an impulse withstand voltage (Uw) under IEC 62109, typically 4 kV for PV equipment. The selected SPD Up must be lower than Uw; otherwise the clamped surge still exceeds what the inverter can tolerate. Britec PV SPDs hold Up \u2264 4.0 kV, aligning with the 4 kV withstand of modern 1000 V and 1500 V inverters.<\/p>\r\n

When several protectors sit in series (for example a Type 1+2 at the combiner and a Type 2 at the inverter), check the combined let-through against Uw rather than each device in isolation. A lower Up also protects downstream DC-DC converters and the inverter\u2019s MPPT stage more effectively, which is where most lightning-related inverter failures actually start.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Step 5 \u2014 Confirm Poles, Mounting and Remote Signaling<\/h2>\r\n

PV arrays are usually ungrounded or have a single pole grounded, so a 2-pole SPD (protecting + to PE and \u2212 to PE) is typical; 3-pole versions suit systems with a neutral or mixed topology. Match the pole count to the array earthing design rather than defaulting to the AC convention. Mounting is standardized on a 35 mm DIN rail inside the combiner box, the inverter\u2019s DC isolation compartment, or a dedicated DC distribution cabinet \u2014 keep lead lengths short to preserve the low Up.<\/p>\r\n

For O&M efficiency specify a device with a visual green\/red status window and an optional remote-signaling contact that reports end-of-life to the site monitoring system, so a failed SPD is replaced before it leaves the inverter unprotected. Britec\u2019s PV range offers the remote-signal option across the BRPV3 family.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

A Worked Example \u2014 Selecting SPD for 1000 V and 1500 V Inverters<\/h2>\r\n

Consider two projects. Project A uses a 1000 V commercial inverter with maximum Voc 1000 V after temperature correction, indirect-surge exposure, moderate Ng, inverter Uw 4 kV and an ungrounded 2-pole array. The match is BRPV3-1000 Type 2: Ucpv 1200 V, In 20 kA, Imax 40 kA, Up \u2264 4.0 kV, 2-pole. Project B is a 1500 V utility plant in a high Ng region with an LPS; it needs BRPV3-1500-12.5 T1+T2: Ucpv 1500 V, 12.5 kA T1 impulse plus 20 kA T2, Up within inverter limits, 1500 V class. The comparison below shows how the three Britec solar SPDs map to different inverter specs.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Model<\/th>\r\nSystem voltage<\/th>\r\nType<\/th>\r\nIn \/ Imax<\/th>\r\nUp<\/th>\r\nBest for<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
BRPV3-1000 Type 2<\/a><\/td>\r\n1000 V (Ucpv 1200 V)<\/td>\r\nType 2<\/td>\r\nIn 20 kA \/ Imax 40 kA<\/td>\r\n\u2264 4.0 kV<\/td>\r\nStandard 1000 V commercial & roof<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
BRPV3-1500-12.5 T1+T2<\/a><\/td>\r\n1500 V<\/td>\r\nT1+T2<\/td>\r\n12.5 kA T1 \/ 20 kA T2<\/td>\r\nper spec<\/td>\r\n1500 V utility-scale with LPS<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
BRPV3-1000-20 T1+2<\/a><\/td>\r\n1000 V (Ucpv 1200 V)<\/td>\r\nT1+2<\/td>\r\nIn 20 kA<\/td>\r\n\u2264 4.0 kV<\/td>\r\nHigh lightning-risk 1000 V sites<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

Need a matched SPD for your exact inverter model?<\/strong>Share the maximum DC voltage, lightning zone and pole count, and we will return a written specification with the correct Ucpv, In and Up.\r\nRequest A Free Spec<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Common Mistakes When Selecting Solar SPDs<\/h2>\r\n

\u25cf Fitting a 600 V or AC-rated SPD onto a 1000 V \/ 1500 V DC string \u2014 continuous overvoltage destroys it.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Ignoring the temperature coefficient of Voc and under-sizing Ucpv for cold climates.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Using an AC SPD on the DC side because it \u201clooks the same\u201d \u2014 AC and DC interruption physics differ.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Choosing Imax without coordinating the SPD\u2019s short-circuit rating with the array Isc and the DC breaker.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Forgetting remote signaling, so a failed SPD goes unnoticed until the inverter is damaged.<\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Matching pole count to AC habits instead of the actual PV earthing topology.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\r\n

What does Ucpv mean on a solar SPD, and how is it related to my inverter\u2019s maximum voltage?<\/p>\r\n

Ucpv is the maximum continuous operating voltage the SPD can withstand indefinitely. It must exceed the array\u2019s highest open-circuit voltage (Voc) after cold-temperature correction, with margin. For a 1000 V inverter, specify Ucpv \u2265 1200 V; for a 1500 V inverter, Ucpv \u2265 1500 V.<\/p>\r\n

Can I use an AC surge protector on the DC side of a PV inverter?<\/p>\r\n

No. AC SPDs are tested to IEC\/EN 61643-11 and assume AC zero-crossing to extinguish the arc. DC arcs do not self-extinguish at the same point, so a DC-rated device tested to IEC\/EN 61643-31 with a proper thermal disconnector is required on the PV side.<\/p>\r\n

Should I choose a Type 2 or a Type 1+2 solar SPD?<\/p>\r\n

Choose Type 1+2 when the inverter or combiner is inside a structure with an external lightning protection system, or where direct-strike risk is high (open fields, tall rooftops). Choose Type 2 for indoor, well-shielded sites with only indirect surges. Base the decision on the project\u2019s IEC 62305 risk assessment.<\/p>\r\n

How do I size the kA rating (In and Imax) for a PV surge arrester?<\/p>\r\n

Start from the regional thunderstorm ground-flash density (Ng) and the distance to the LPS. Britec\u2019s PV devices begin at In 20 kA, which suits most commercial roofs and ground mounts; specify Imax \u2265 40 kA for exposed sites and confirm the short-circuit rating matches the array Isc.<\/p>\r\n

What Up (voltage protection level) is safe for my inverter?<\/p>\r\n

The SPD Up must stay below the inverter\u2019s impulse withstand voltage Uw (commonly 4 kV under IEC 62109). Britec PV SPDs hold Up \u2264 4.0 kV, matching modern 1000 V and 1500 V inverters. When multiple SPDs are in series, verify the combined let-through against Uw.<\/p>\r\n

Where should the SPD be installed \u2014 combiner box or inverter DC input?<\/p>\r\n

Both locations are valid. Install at the combiner box to protect each string group, and\/or at the inverter DC input as the last line of defense. Keep conductor lengths short and coordinate with the DC breaker. Many designs use a Type 1+2 at the combiner and a Type 2 at the inverter.<\/p>\r\n

How many poles does a solar SPD need?<\/p>\r\n

A 2-pole device (protecting + to PE and \u2212 to PE) suits most ungrounded PV strings. 3-pole versions are used where a neutral or mixed topology exists. Match the pole count to the earthing design, not to AC distribution habits.<\/p>\r\n

Does a 1500 V inverter need a different SPD than a 1000 V system?<\/p>\r\n

Yes. A 1500 V inverter requires an SPD with Ucpv \u2265 1500 V and insulation rated for the higher bus, such as the BRPV3-1500-12.5 T1+T2. Reusing a 1000 V-class SPD on a 1500 V string will fail immediately under continuous voltage.<\/p>\r\n

How do I know when a solar SPD needs replacement?<\/p>\r\n

A green\/red status window shows end-of-life locally, and the optional remote-signaling contact reports it to your monitoring system. Inspect at each O&M visit and replace the module as soon as the window turns red or the signal triggers. See our guide on replacement intervals for a full schedule.<\/p>\r\n

Ready to specify your solar SPD?<\/strong>Get a written recommendation, datasheets and a volume quote from Britec\u2019s engineering team today.\r\nContact Britec For A Quote<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Related Resources<\/h2>\r\n

\u25cf How Solar SPD Protects Photovoltaic Systems From Lightning Damage<\/a><\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Type 1 vs 1+2 vs 2 vs 3 DC SPD: Which To Choose<\/a><\/p>\r\n

\u25cf 1500V vs 1000V DC SPD: Should You Upgrade<\/a><\/p>\r\n

\u25cf Electrical SPD For Solar PV Systems: Do You Really Need It<\/a><\/p>\r\n

\u25cf What Causes Solar DC SPDs To Overheat Or Fail Prematurely<\/a><\/p>\r\n

\u25cf How Often Should A Solar SPD Be Replaced<\/a><\/p>"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/2699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=2699"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}