{"id":862,"date":"2023-12-15T15:29:02","date_gmt":"2023-12-15T07:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=862"},"modified":"2024-09-05T16:40:47","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T08:40:47","slug":"surge-protection-devices-surge-arresters-spd","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/blog\/surge-protection-devices-surge-arresters-spd\/","title":{"rendered":"Urz\u0105dzenia ochrony przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowej (ograniczniki przepi\u0119\u0107) (SPD)"},"content":{"rendered":"The Surge Protection Device (SPD) is a component of the electrical installation protection system.\r\n\r\nThis device is connected in parallel on the power supply circuit of the loads that it has to protect (see Fig. J17). It can also be used at all levels of the power supply network.\r\n\r\nThis is the most commonly used and most efficient type of overvoltage protection.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nNaukowcy od lat prowadzili wa\u017cne badania nad charakterystyk\u0105 i skutkami uderze\u0144 pioruna, w zwi\u0105zku z czym opracowali produkty technologiczne. Dzi\u015b testy tych produkt\u00f3w mo\u017cna przeprowadzi\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c poprzez symulacj\u0119 uderzenia pioruna w tym kontek\u015bcie.\r\n\r\nRodzaje fal uderzeniowych:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nUderzenie pioruna mo\u017cna bada\u0107 w dw\u00f3ch r\u00f3\u017cnych d\u0142ugo\u015bciach fal.\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. Bezpo\u015brednie uderzenie pioruna 10 \/ 350\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nImpulse currents in a waveform of 10\/350 \u03bcs occur in direct lightning strikes. This pulse rapid voltage increase releases great power with a large current pulse.\r\n\r\nToday, External Lightning Protection System materials and Type 1 \/ Class I type Surge Arrester circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. Uderzenie pioruna i napi\u0119cia prze\u0142\u0105czaj\u0105ce na odleg\u0142ym obszarze 8 \/ 20\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nLightning strikes at a distant location and impulse currents with switching voltages 8\/20 \u03bcs waveform occur.\r\n\r\nThe energy content of this pulse is significantly lower than the lightning test current\u2019s pulse current wave of 10\/350 \u03bcs. Type 2 \/ Class II and Type 3 \/ Class III type Surge Protector (Surge Arrester) circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n\r\nStandardy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNiekt\u00f3re cz\u0119sto wymieniane standardy obejmuj\u0105:\r\n
        \r\n \t
      • IEC 61643-11 Niskonapi\u0119ciowe urz\u0105dzenia przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowe \u2013 Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 11: Urz\u0105dzenia przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowe pod\u0142\u0105czone do system\u00f3w elektroenergetycznych niskiego napi\u0119cia \u2013 Wymagania i metody bada\u0144 (zast\u0119puje IEC 61643-1)<\/li>\r\n \t
      • IEC 61643-21 Urz\u0105dzenia przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowe niskiego napi\u0119cia \u2013 Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 21: Urz\u0105dzenia przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowe pod\u0142\u0105czone do sieci telekomunikacyjnych i sygnalizacyjnych \u2013 Wymagania eksploatacyjne i metody bada\u0144<\/li>\r\n \t
      • IEC 61643-22 Niskonapi\u0119ciowe urz\u0105dzenia przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowe \u2013 Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 22: Urz\u0105dzenia przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowe pod\u0142\u0105czane do sieci telekomunikacyjnych i sygnalizacyjnych \u2013 Zasady doboru i stosowania<\/li>\r\n \t
      • EN 61643-11, 61643-21 i 61643-22<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Dokumentacja techniczna Telcordia Technologies TR-NWT-001011<\/li>\r\n \t
      • ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1449.<\/li>\r\n \t
      • AS\/NZS 1768<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEach standard defines different protector characteristics, test vectors, or operational purpose.\r\n\r\nEN 62305 and ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx define what spikes a protector might be expected to divert. EN 61643-11 and 61643-21 specify both the product\u2019s performance and safety requirements. In contrast, the IEC only writes standards and does not certify any particular product as meeting those standards. IEC Standards are used by members of the CB Scheme of international agreements to test and certify products for safety compliance.\r\n\r\nIn addition, the following standards are not standards for standalone surge protectors, but are instead meant for testing surge immunity in electrical and electronic equipment as a whole. Thus, they\u2019re frequently used in the design and test of surge protection circuitry.\r\n
          \r\n \t
        • IEC 61000-4-2 Test odporno\u015bci na wy\u0142adowania elektrostatyczne<\/li>\r\n \t
        • IEC 61000-4-4 Test odporno\u015bci na szybkie elektryczne stany przej\u015bciowe\/wybuchowe<\/li>\r\n \t
        • IEC 61000-4-5 Test odporno\u015bci na przepi\u0119cia<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nZasada<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD przeznaczony jest do ograniczania przej\u015bciowych przepi\u0119\u0107 pochodzenia atmosferycznego i kierowania fal pr\u0105dowych do ziemi w taki spos\u00f3b, aby ograniczy\u0107 amplitud\u0119 tego przepi\u0119cia do warto\u015bci niezagra\u017caj\u0105cej dla instalacji elektrycznej oraz rozdzielnic i sterownic elektrycznych.\r\n\r\nSPD eliminuje przepi\u0119cia<\/strong>\r\n
            \r\n \t
          • W trybie wsp\u00f3lnym, pomi\u0119dzy faz\u0105 a punktem neutralnym lub ziemi\u0105;<\/li>\r\n \t
          • W trybie r\u00f3\u017cnicowym, pomi\u0119dzy faz\u0105 i punktem neutralnym.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nW przypadku przepi\u0119cia przekraczaj\u0105cego pr\u00f3g zadzia\u0142ania, SPD\r\n
              \r\n \t
            • Przewodzi energi\u0119 do ziemi w trybie wsp\u00f3lnym;<\/li>\r\n \t
            • Rozdziela energi\u0119 do pozosta\u0142ych przewod\u00f3w pod napi\u0119ciem w trybie r\u00f3\u017cnicowym.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nTrzy typy SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD typu 1<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 1 SPD is recommended in the specific case of service-sector and industrial buildings, protected by a lightning protection system or a meshed cage.\r\n\r\nIt protects electrical installations against direct lightning strokes. It can discharge the back-current from lightning spreading from the earth conductor to the network conductors.\r\n\r\nType 1 SPD is characterized by a 10\/350 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nSPD typu 2<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 2 SPD is the main protection system for all low voltage electrical installations. Installed in each electrical switchboard, it prevents the spread of overvoltage in the electrical installations and protects the loads.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD is characterized by an 8\/20 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nSPD typu 3<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThese SPDs have a low discharge capacity. They must therefore mandatorily be installed as a supplement to Type 2 SPD and in the vicinity of sensitive loads.\r\n\r\nType 3 SPD is characterized by a combination of voltage waves (1.2\/50 \u03bcs) and current waves (8\/20 \u03bcs).\r\n\r\nDefinicja normatywna SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nRys. J18 \u2013 Definicja standardu SPD\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
              <\/td>\r\nBezpo\u015brednie uderzenie pioruna<\/strong><\/td>\r\nPo\u015brednie uderzenie pioruna<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              IEC 61643-1<\/strong><\/td>\r\nPr\u00f3ba klasy I<\/td>\r\nPr\u00f3ba klasy II<\/td>\r\nPr\u00f3ba klasy III<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              IEC 61643-11\/2011<\/strong><\/td>\r\nTyp 1:<\/td>\r\nTyp 2:<\/td>\r\nTyp 3:<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              EN\/IEC 61643-11<\/strong><\/td>\r\nTyp 1<\/td>\r\nTyp 2<\/td>\r\nTyp 3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              Poprzednie VDE 0675v<\/strong><\/td>\r\nB<\/td>\r\nC<\/td>\r\nD<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              Rodzaj fali testowej<\/strong><\/td>\r\n10\/350<\/td>\r\n8\/20<\/td>\r\n1.2\/50 + 8\/20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
                \r\n \t
              • Uwaga 1<\/strong>: Istniej\u0105\u00a0 +\u00a0 \u00a0SPD (lub SPD typu 1 + 2) \u0142\u0105cz\u0105ce ochron\u0119 obci\u0105\u017ce\u0144 przed bezpo\u015brednimi i po\u015brednimi uderzeniami pioruna.<\/li>\r\n \t
              • Uwaga 2<\/strong>: niekt\u00f3re SPD mo\u017cna r\u00f3wnie\u017c zadeklarowa\u0107 jako .<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAccording to this;\r\n\r\nFirst Stage: Type 1 \/ Class 1 \/ Class B lightning protection surge arrester are the front protection units of the facility \/ structure. They are circuit elements capable of absorbing and damping direct lightning strikes that may come from power lines.\r\n\r\nIt must be installed in the main distribution \/ transformer panel inside and \/ or outside the building.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 50kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nSecond Stage: Type 2 \/ Class 2 \/ C Class Surge Protection Devices (Surge Arresters) are circuit elements used in the secondary and \/ or lower secondary panels of the facility \/ building. Compared to Type 1 \/ Class II surge arresters, their strength is lower but their sensitivity is better.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in an 8\/20 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 10kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 25kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nType 1 + 2 \/ Class 1 + 2 \/ B + C Class compact protection elements have been used as second level protection in recent years.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 40kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\nIt is used in the electrical panel of the uninterruptible power supply and \/ or in the secondary panels positioned like a main panel.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nThird Stage: Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class sudden overvoltage protection surge arresters are circuit elements used in its lines to protect sensitive electronic devices.\r\n\r\nThe product range is quite wide as it can be connected to different devices with different connection protocols \/ sockets \/ ports.\r\n\r\nBelow are some of the Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class surge arresters for different circuits \/ devices.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"","protected":false},"featured_media":863,"parent":0,"menu_order":146,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[8],"class_list":["post-862","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-company-news"],"acf":{"des":"The Surge Protection Device (SPD) is a component of the electrical installation protection system.","txt":"The Surge Protection Device (SPD) is a component of the electrical installation protection system.\r\n\r\nThis device is connected in parallel on the power supply circuit of the loads that it has to protect (see Fig. J17). It can also be used at all levels of the power supply network.\r\n\r\nThis is the most commonly used and most efficient type of overvoltage protection.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nScientists have carried out important studies on the characteristics and effects of lightning strikes for years, and have developed technological products accordingly. Today, tests of these products can also be carried out by simulating a lightning strike in this context.\r\n\r\nLightning Strike Wave Types:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe lightning strike can be studied in two different wavelengths.\r\n
                  \r\n \t
                1. Direct Lightning Strike 10 \/ 350\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nImpulse currents in a waveform of 10\/350 \u03bcs occur in direct lightning strikes. This pulse rapid voltage increase releases great power with a large current pulse.\r\n\r\nToday, External Lightning Protection System materials and Type 1 \/ Class I type Surge Arrester circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n
                    \r\n \t
                  1. Lightning Strike and Switching Voltages on a Remote Area 8 \/ 20\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nLightning strikes at a distant location and impulse currents with switching voltages 8\/20 \u03bcs waveform occur.\r\n\r\nThe energy content of this pulse is significantly lower than the lightning test current\u2019s pulse current wave of 10\/350 \u03bcs. Type 2 \/ Class II and Type 3 \/ Class III type Surge Protector (Surge Arrester) circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n\r\nStandards<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSome frequently listed standards include:\r\n
                      \r\n \t
                    • IEC 61643-11 Low-voltage surge protective devices \u2013 Part 11: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power systems \u2013 Requirements and test methods (replaces IEC 61643-1)<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • IEC 61643-21 Low voltage surge protective devices \u2013 Part 21: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks \u2013 Performance requirements and testing methods<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • IEC 61643-22 Low-voltage surge protective devices \u2013 Part 22: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks \u2013 Selection and application principles<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • EN 61643-11, 61643-21 and 61643-22<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • Telcordia Technologies Technical Reference TR-NWT-001011<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1449.<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • AS\/NZS 1768<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEach standard defines different protector characteristics, test vectors, or operational purpose.\r\n\r\nEN 62305 and ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx define what spikes a protector might be expected to divert. EN 61643-11 and 61643-21 specify both the product\u2019s performance and safety requirements. In contrast, the IEC only writes standards and does not certify any particular product as meeting those standards. IEC Standards are used by members of the CB Scheme of international agreements to test and certify products for safety compliance.\r\n\r\nIn addition, the following standards are not standards for standalone surge protectors, but are instead meant for testing surge immunity in electrical and electronic equipment as a whole. Thus, they\u2019re frequently used in the design and test of surge protection circuitry.\r\n
                        \r\n \t
                      • IEC 61000-4-2 Electrostatic discharge immunity test<\/li>\r\n \t
                      • IEC 61000-4-4 Electrical fast transient\/burst immunity test<\/li>\r\n \t
                      • IEC 61000-4-5 Surge immunity test<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPrinciple<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD is designed to limit transient overvoltage of atmospheric origin and divert current waves to earth, so as to limit the amplitude of this overvoltage to a value that is not hazardous for the electrical installation and electric switchgear and control gear.\r\n\r\nSPD eliminates overvoltage<\/strong>\r\n
                          \r\n \t
                        • In common mode, between phase and neutral or earth;<\/li>\r\n \t
                        • In differential mode, between phase and neutral.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn the event of an overvoltage exceeding the operating threshold, the SPD\r\n
                            \r\n \t
                          • Conducts the energy to earth, in common mode;<\/li>\r\n \t
                          • Distributes the energy to the other live conductors, in differential mode.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe three types of SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nType 1 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 1 SPD is recommended in the specific case of service-sector and industrial buildings, protected by a lightning protection system or a meshed cage.\r\n\r\nIt protects electrical installations against direct lightning strokes. It can discharge the back-current from lightning spreading from the earth conductor to the network conductors.\r\n\r\nType 1 SPD is characterized by a 10\/350 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 2 SPD is the main protection system for all low voltage electrical installations. Installed in each electrical switchboard, it prevents the spread of overvoltage in the electrical installations and protects the loads.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD is characterized by an 8\/20 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nType 3 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThese SPDs have a low discharge capacity. They must therefore mandatorily be installed as a supplement to Type 2 SPD and in the vicinity of sensitive loads.\r\n\r\nType 3 SPD is characterized by a combination of voltage waves (1.2\/50 \u03bcs) and current waves (8\/20 \u03bcs).\r\n\r\nSPD normative definition<\/strong>\r\n\r\nFig. J18 \u2013 SPD standard definition\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
                            <\/td>\r\nDirect lightning stroke<\/strong><\/td>\r\nIndirect lightning stroke<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            IEC 61643-1<\/strong><\/td>\r\nClass I test<\/td>\r\nClass II test<\/td>\r\nClass III test<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            IEC 61643-11\/2011<\/strong><\/td>\r\nType 1\u00a0:<\/td>\r\nType 2\u00a0:<\/td>\r\nType 3\u00a0:<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            EN\/IEC 61643-11<\/strong><\/td>\r\nType 1<\/td>\r\nType 2<\/td>\r\nType 3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            Former VDE 0675v<\/strong><\/td>\r\nB<\/td>\r\nC<\/td>\r\nD<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            Type of test wave<\/strong><\/td>\r\n10\/350<\/td>\r\n8\/20<\/td>\r\n1.2\/50 + 8\/20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
                              \r\n \t
                            • Note 1<\/strong>: There exist\u00a0 +\u00a0 \u00a0SPD (or Type 1 + 2 SPD) combining protection of loads against direct and indirect lightning strokes.<\/li>\r\n \t
                            • Note 2<\/strong>: some\u00a0 SPD can also be declared as\u00a0 .<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAccording to this;\r\n\r\nFirst Stage: Type 1 \/ Class 1 \/ Class B lightning protection surge arrester are the front protection units of the facility \/ structure. They are circuit elements capable of absorbing and damping direct lightning strikes that may come from power lines.\r\n\r\nIt must be installed in the main distribution \/ transformer panel inside and \/ or outside the building.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 50kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nSecond Stage: Type 2 \/ Class 2 \/ C Class Surge Protection Devices (Surge Arresters) are circuit elements used in the secondary and \/ or lower secondary panels of the facility \/ building. Compared to Type 1 \/ Class II surge arresters, their strength is lower but their sensitivity is better.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in an 8\/20 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 10kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 25kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nType 1 + 2 \/ Class 1 + 2 \/ B + C Class compact protection elements have been used as second level protection in recent years.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 40kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\nIt is used in the electrical panel of the uninterruptible power supply and \/ or in the secondary panels positioned like a main panel.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nThird Stage: Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class sudden overvoltage protection surge arresters are circuit elements used in its lines to protect sensitive electronic devices.\r\n\r\nThe product range is quite wide as it can be connected to different devices with different connection protocols \/ sockets \/ ports.\r\n\r\nBelow are some of the Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class surge arresters for different circuits \/ devices.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}