{"id":797,"date":"2023-12-19T16:31:05","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T08:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=797"},"modified":"2024-09-05T16:36:33","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T08:36:33","slug":"surge-protector-faq","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/blog\/surge-protector-faq\/","title":{"rendered":"Cz\u0119sto zadawane pytania dotycz\u0105ce ochrony przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowej"},"content":{"rendered":"Czy zabezpieczenia przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowe dzia\u0142aj\u0105 wiecznie?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNie, nie. Za ka\u017cdym razem, gdy zabezpieczenie przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowe przekierowuje przepi\u0119cie z dala od pod\u0142\u0105czonego sprz\u0119tu, wewn\u0119trzna struktura urz\u0105dzenia przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowego ulega niewielkim uszkodzeniom. Z biegiem czasu elementy listwy przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowej zapewniaj\u0105ce bezpiecze\u0144stwo pod\u0142\u0105czonego sprz\u0119tu po prostu przestaj\u0105 dzia\u0142a\u0107. Czas trwania tego procesu zale\u017cy od cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci i si\u0142y skok\u00f3w napi\u0119cia.\r\n\r\nCzy istniej\u0105ce zabezpieczenia, takie jak MCB, ELCB itp., nie s\u0105 wystarczaj\u0105ce do ochrony przed przepi\u0119ciami?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAll the existing protecting devices like MCB, ELCB etc. are current sensitive devices. They get activated based on a fault current. These devices are triggered when the fault current persists for duration of more than 3 to 20 milliseconds. However, the surge typically lasts for a few micro seconds only during which time it causes all the damage.\r\n\r\nHence the conventional devices like MCB, ELCB fuses etc. are not effective in protection against surges. In view of the above, special equipment called surge protection device which has a response time of two nanoseconds is required to be installed to protect against the surges.\r\n\r\nCo to jest skok mocy?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSkok napi\u0119cia to skok pr\u0105du elektrycznego przep\u0142ywaj\u0105cego przez przewody w domu. Mog\u0105 uszkodzi\u0107 powszechnie u\u017cywane urz\u0105dzenia, wra\u017cliw\u0105 elektronik\u0119 AV i sprz\u0119t komputerowy.\r\n\r\nJakie s\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne technologie stosowane w SPD?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNiekt\u00f3re z popularnych technologii stosowanych w SPD s\u0105 nast\u0119puj\u0105ce:\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. i) Rury wy\u0142adowcze<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. ii) Warystory z tlenk\u00f3w metali<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\niii) Iskiernik\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. iv) Dioda Zenera<\/li>\r\n \t
    2. v) Diody lawinowe krzemowe<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nW\u015br\u00f3d nich najpopularniejszymi typami ogranicznik\u00f3w przepi\u0119\u0107 s\u0105 lampy wy\u0142adowcze, warystory z tlenk\u00f3w metali i iskierniki.\r\n\r\nCo powoduje wzrost napi\u0119cia?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 skok\u00f3w napi\u0119cia ma miejsce wewn\u0105trz domu. Skoki napi\u0119cia s\u0105 powodowane przez wiele r\u00f3\u017cnych czynnik\u00f3w, w tym trudne warunki pogodowe, wadliwe lub uszkodzone okablowanie elektryczne lub nag\u0142e w\u0142\u0105czanie i wy\u0142\u0105czanie urz\u0105dzenia elektrycznego du\u017cej mocy, takiego jak klimatyzator lub du\u017cy silnik elektryczny.\r\n\r\nCzy warto\u015bci znamionowe SPD nale\u017cy dobiera\u0107 w zale\u017cno\u015bci od pr\u0105du linii?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nOg\u00f3lnie rzecz bior\u0105c, SPD zainstalowane w obwodzie zasilania elektrycznego s\u0105 po\u0142\u0105czone r\u00f3wnolegle i dlatego b\u0119d\u0105 niezale\u017cne od pr\u0105du obci\u0105\u017cenia (lini).\r\n\r\nPo co martwi\u0107 si\u0119 skokami napi\u0119cia?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSilne skoki napi\u0119cia mog\u0105 w jednej chwili zniszczy\u0107 sprz\u0119t domowy. Opr\u00f3cz przepi\u0119\u0107 spowodowanych burzami, w przeci\u0119tnym domu mo\u017ce wyst\u0105pi\u0107 wiele \u201cukrytych\u201d przepi\u0119\u0107 dziennie, pochodz\u0105cych z r\u00f3\u017cnych \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142. Te mniejsze przepi\u0119cia powoduj\u0105 kumulacyjne uszkodzenia elektroniki, skracaj\u0105c ich \u017cywotno\u015b\u0107 i ostatecznie powoduj\u0105c ich awari\u0119.\r\n\r\nJak ustali\u0107, jakie typy SPD maj\u0105 zosta\u0107 zainstalowane w danej lokalizacji?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDob\u00f3r SPD w danej lokalizacji zale\u017cy od:\r\n
        \r\n \t
      1. a) Topografia lokalizacji pod wzgl\u0119dem uderze\u0144 piorun\u00f3w.<\/li>\r\n \t
      2. b) Podatno\u015b\u0107 na przepi\u0119cia prze\u0142\u0105czaj\u0105ce w zwi\u0105zku z blisko\u015bci\u0105 du\u017cych obci\u0105\u017ce\u0144 \/ pod\u0142\u0105czeniem do sieci wiejskiej itp.<\/li>\r\n \t
      3. c) Czu\u0142o\u015b\u0107 sprz\u0119tu pod\u0142\u0105czonego do obwodu.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nNormally SPDs with Class-B & C are installed at the main panels and SPDs with Class-C rate are installed at the sub panels. The ratings for class-B, SPDs shall be a minimum of 12.5 KA Iimp.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-C (Imax. rating), it should be, a minimum of 40 kA at the sub panels.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-D SPDs which are installed near sensitive equipment, the criteria shall be the residual voltage or the protection level which should be lower than the temporary over voltage withstanding capacity of the protected equipment.\r\n\r\nDo czego s\u0142u\u017cy zabezpieczenie przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowe?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nOchronnik przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowy chroni elektronik\u0119 przed szkodliwym dzia\u0142aniem przepi\u0119\u0107 i skok\u00f3w napi\u0119cia. Ochronniki przeciwprzepi\u0119ciowe mog\u0105 poch\u0142ania\u0107 i rozprasza\u0107 moc przepi\u0119\u0107, dzi\u0119ki czemu pod\u0142\u0105czony sprz\u0119t jest chroniony przed przepi\u0119ciami.\r\n\r\nSk\u0105d wiadomo, \u017ce zainstalowany SPD dzia\u0142a?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPoniewa\u017c urz\u0105dzenia SPD s\u0105 zawsze pod\u0142\u0105czone r\u00f3wnolegle do obwodu elektrycznego, podczas normalnego przebiegu nie mo\u017cna stwierdzi\u0107, czy s\u0105 sprawne, czy nie. Dlatego konieczne jest posiadanie lokalnej i zdalnej sygnalizacji za pomoc\u0105 kontaktu elektrycznego, aby wiedzie\u0107 i monitorowa\u0107 stan SPD.\r\n\r\nCzy konieczne jest oddzielne uziemienie dla SPD?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNie jest konieczne posiadanie oddzielnego lub dedykowanego uziemienia dla SPD. Urz\u0105dzenia SPD powinny by\u0107 zawsze pod\u0142\u0105czone do og\u00f3lnej sieci uziemiaj\u0105cej.\r\n\r\nCzy dobry system uziemienia jest niezb\u0119dny do wydajnej pracy SPD?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWszystkie SPD dzia\u0142aj\u0105 poprzez przekierowanie nadmiaru energii do ziemi. Dlatego konieczne jest, aby system uziemiaj\u0105cy pod\u0142\u0105czony do urz\u0105dzenia SPD by\u0142 w sprawnym stanie, aby pr\u0105d udarowy m\u00f3g\u0142 p\u0142yn\u0105\u0107 do ziemi bez \u017cadnych przeszk\u00f3d.\r\n\r\nCzy dost\u0119pne s\u0105 urz\u0105dzenia SPD do zastosowa\u0144 innych ni\u017c obw\u00f3d elektryczny, takich jak linie telefoniczne, linie danych itp.?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD s\u0105 z pewno\u015bci\u0105 dost\u0119pne dla ka\u017cdego obwodu, takiego jak linie telefoniczne, linie danych, linie Ethernet, linie sygna\u0142owe itp. We wszystkich tych obwodach SPD s\u0105 po\u0142\u0105czone szeregowo.\r\n\r\nCzy same podstawowe urz\u0105dzenia SPD wystarcz\u0105 do ochrony sprz\u0119tu?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNie, w przypadku ma\u0142ego lub du\u017cego obiektu zwykle konieczne jest zastosowanie podej\u015bcia kaskadowego lub warstwowego, w kt\u00f3rym ochrona podstawowa jest zainstalowana na panelu wej\u015bciowym instalacji, a ochrona dodatkowa na panelach odga\u0142\u0119zionych. Ka\u017cdy obiekt wymaga indywidualnej analizy w celu ustalenia w\u0142a\u015bciwej ochrony odpowiadaj\u0105cej potrzebom wykorzystywanego sprz\u0119tu. Mo\u017ce nawet zaistnie\u0107 konieczno\u015b\u0107 do\u0142\u0105czenia dodatkowych SPD w miejscu u\u017cycia, je\u017celi urz\u0105dzenie to znajduje si\u0119 w pewnej odleg\u0142o\u015bci od panelu zasilaj\u0105cego. Podej\u015bcie kaskadowejest zalecane przez IEEE i tego typu podej\u015bcie zapewni najskuteczniejsz\u0105 ochron\u0119 przed przepi\u0119ciami w ca\u0142ym obiekcie. Aby uzyska\u0107 wi\u0119cej informacji o tym, gdzie zastosowa\u0107 SPD, wybierz rodzaj \u015brodowiska, kt\u00f3re Ci\u0119 interesuje: przemys\u0142owe, komercyjne lub mieszkalne.\r\n\r\nPo co mi SPD, skoro mam ju\u017c transformator izoluj\u0105cy?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTransformatory izolacyjne zapewniaj\u0105 bardzo dobre t\u0142umienie trybu wsp\u00f3lnego, ale nie zapewniaj\u0105 dobrego t\u0142umienia trybu r\u00f3\u017cnicowego (normalnego). Innymi s\u0142owy, przepi\u0119cie na\u0142o\u017cone r\u00f3wnomiernie na przew\u00f3d liniowy (L) i przew\u00f3d neutralny (N) zostanie odrzucone przez transformator izoluj\u0105cy, podczas gdy przepi\u0119cie pojawiaj\u0105ce si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cnicowo mi\u0119dzy przewodami L i N przejdzie przez transformator. Nale\u017cy r\u00f3wnie\u017c pami\u0119ta\u0107, \u017ce wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 stan\u00f3w nieustalonych jest generowana przez obci\u0105\u017cenia w obiekcie, po ich stronie obci\u0105\u017ceniatransformatory. Aby zminimalizowa\u0107 wp\u0142yw tych wewn\u0119trznie generowanych stan\u00f3w nieustalonych z jednego urz\u0105dzenia na drugie, nale\u017cy umie\u015bci\u0107 SPD.","protected":false},"featured_media":798,"parent":0,"menu_order":176,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[8],"class_list":["post-797","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-company-news"],"acf":{"des":"Do surge protectors last forever?No, they do not. Each time a surge protector reroutes a power surge away from your connected equipment, the internal structure of the protector takes a little bit of damage.","txt":"Do surge protectors last forever?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNo, they do not. Each time a surge protector reroutes a power surge away from your connected equipment, the internal structure of the protector takes a little bit of damage. Over time the parts of the surge protector that keep your connected equipment safe simply stop working. How long this takes depends on the frequency and strength of power surges.\r\n\r\nAre the existing protections like MCB, ELCB etc. not sufficient to protect against surges?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAll the existing protecting devices like MCB, ELCB etc. are current sensitive devices. They get activated based on a fault current. These devices are triggered when the fault current persists for duration of more than 3 to 20 milliseconds. However, the surge typically lasts for a few micro seconds only during which time it causes all the damage.\r\n\r\nHence the conventional devices like MCB, ELCB fuses etc. are not effective in protection against surges. In view of the above, special equipment called surge protection device which has a response time of two nanoseconds is required to be installed to protect against the surges.\r\n\r\nWhat is a power surge?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA power surge is a spike in the electrical current flowing through the wires of your house. They can damage common appliances, sensitive AV electronics and computer equipment.\r\n\r\nWhat are the different technologies used in SPDs?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSome of the popular technologies used in SPDs are the following:\r\n
          \r\n \t
        1. i) Gas discharge tubes<\/li>\r\n \t
        2. ii) Metal oxide varistors<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\niii) Spark gap\r\n
            \r\n \t
          1. iv) Zener diode<\/li>\r\n \t
          2. v) Silicon Avalanche diodes<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nAmong these, gas discharge tubes, metal oxide varistors and spark gap are the most popular types of surge arresters.\r\n\r\nWhat causes a power surge?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMost power surges stem from inside your home. Power surges are caused by many different factors, including severe weather, faulty or damaged electric wiring or the sudden turning on and off of a high power electrical device like an air conditioner or large electric motor.\r\n\r\nAre the SPDs ratings to be selected depending on the line current?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGenerally, the SPDs installed on the electrical Power circuit are connected in parallel and hence will be independent of load (line) current.\r\n\r\nWhy worry about power surges?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nStrong power surges can wipe out your home equipment in an instant. In addition to surges caused by storms, the average home can experience multiple \u201chidden\u201d surges a day from other various sources. These smaller surges cause cumulative damage to electronics, shortening their life and eventually causing them to fail.\r\n\r\nHow to determine what types of SPDs are to be installed at a given location?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe selection of SPDs at a given location depends on:\r\n
              \r\n \t
            1. a) The topography of the location in terms of lightning strikes.<\/li>\r\n \t
            2. b) Susceptibility to switching surges in terms of proximity to large loads \/ connected to rural feeder etc.<\/li>\r\n \t
            3. c) Sensitivity of the equipment connected to the circuit.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nNormally SPDs with Class-B & C are installed at the main panels and SPDs with Class-C rate are installed at the sub panels. The ratings for class-B, SPDs shall be a minimum of 12.5 KA Iimp.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-C (Imax. rating), it should be, a minimum of 40 kA at the sub panels.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-D SPDs which are installed near sensitive equipment, the criteria shall be the residual voltage or the protection level which should be lower than the temporary over voltage withstanding capacity of the protected equipment.\r\n\r\nWhat does a surge protector do?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA surge protector safeguards electronics from the harmful effects of power surges and voltage spikes. Surge protectors can absorb and dissipate the power of a surge so that connected equipment is shielded from the surge.\r\n\r\nHow does one know the SPD installed is working?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSince the SPDs are always connected in parallel to the electrical circuit, during the normal course it is not possible to know whether they are in working condition or not. Hence it is necessary to have a local and remote indication using electrical contact in order to know and monitor the healthiness of the SPD.\r\n\r\nIs it necessary for having separate grounding for SPDs?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIt is not necessary to have a separate or dedicated grounding for SPDs. The SPDs should always be connected to the general earth grid.\r\n\r\nIs a good earthing system necessary for efficient working of the SPD?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAll SPDs work by diverting the excess energy to the ground. Hence it is imperative that the earthing system connected to the SPD must be in efficient working condition so that the surge current can flow to the earth without any hindrance.\r\n\r\nAre SPDs available for applications other than the electrical circuit like telephone lines, data lines etc.?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPDs are certainly available for every circuit like telephone lines, data lines, Ethernet lines, signal lines etc. In all these circuits SPDs are connected in series.\r\n\r\nAre primary SPDs alone sufficient for equipment protection?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNo, from a small facility to a large facility, it is usually necessary to adopt a cascaded or layered approach where primary protection is installed at the service entrance panel, and secondary protection at branch panels. Each facility requires individual analysis to determine the right protection to meet the needs of the equipment being used. It can even be necessary to include additional point-of-use SPDs if this equipment is located some distance from the supplying panel. A cascaded approach is recommended by the IEEE and this type of approach will provide the most effective surge protection throughout a facility. For more information on where to apply SPDs, select the type of environment you\u2019re interested in: industrial, commercial, or residential.\r\n\r\nWhy do I need an SPD when I already have an isolation transformer?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIsolation transformers provide very good common mode rejection but do not provide good differential (normal) mode rejection. In other words, a surge superimposed equally on both the line (L) and neutral (N) conductors will see rejection by the isolation transformer, while a surge appearing differentially between the L and N conductors will pass through the transformer. Also, keep in mind the majority of transients are being generated by the loads within the facility, on the load side of these transformers. To minimize the effects of these internally generated transients from one piece of equipment to another an SPD should be placed."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}