{"id":862,"date":"2023-12-15T15:29:02","date_gmt":"2023-12-15T07:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=862"},"modified":"2024-09-05T16:40:47","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T08:40:47","slug":"surge-protection-devices-surge-arresters-spd","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/blog\/surge-protection-devices-surge-arresters-spd\/","title":{"rendered":"Dispositivi di protezione da sovratensione (SPD)"},"content":{"rendered":"The Surge Protection Device (SPD) is a component of the electrical installation protection system.\r\n\r\nThis device is connected in parallel on the power supply circuit of the loads that it has to protect (see Fig. J17). It can also be used at all levels of the power supply network.\r\n\r\nThis is the most commonly used and most efficient type of overvoltage protection.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nDa anni gli scienziati conducono importanti studi sulle caratteristiche e sugli effetti dei fulmini e hanno sviluppato prodotti tecnologici di conseguenza. Oggi \u00e8 possibile effettuare test su questi prodotti anche simulando in questo contesto un fulmine.\r\n\r\nTipi di onde del fulmine:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIl fulmine pu\u00f2 essere studiato in due diverse lunghezze d'onda.\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. Fulmine diretto 10\/350\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nImpulse currents in a waveform of 10\/350 \u03bcs occur in direct lightning strikes. This pulse rapid voltage increase releases great power with a large current pulse.\r\n\r\nToday, External Lightning Protection System materials and Type 1 \/ Class I type Surge Arrester circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. Fulmini e Tensioni di Commutazione in Area Remota 8\/20\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nLightning strikes at a distant location and impulse currents with switching voltages 8\/20 \u03bcs waveform occur.\r\n\r\nThe energy content of this pulse is significantly lower than the lightning test current\u2019s pulse current wave of 10\/350 \u03bcs. Type 2 \/ Class II and Type 3 \/ Class III type Surge Protector (Surge Arrester) circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n\r\nStandard<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAlcuni standard elencati di frequente includono:\r\n
        \r\n \t
      • IEC 61643-11 Dispositivi di protezione da sovratensione a bassa tensione \u2013 Parte 11: Dispositivi di protezione da sovratensione collegati a sistemi di alimentazione a bassa tensione \u2013 Requisiti e metodi di prova (sostituisce IEC 61643-1)<\/li>\r\n \t
      • IEC 61643-21 Dispositivi di protezione da sovratensione a bassa tensione - Parte 21: Dispositivi di protezione da sovratensione collegati a reti di telecomunicazioni e segnalazione - Requisiti prestazionali e metodi di prova<\/li>\r\n \t
      • IEC 61643-22 Dispositivi di protezione da sovratensione a bassa tensione - Parte 22: Dispositivi di protezione da sovratensione collegati a reti di telecomunicazioni e segnalazione - Principi di selezione e applicazione<\/li>\r\n \t
      • EN 61643-11, 61643-21 e 61643-22<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Riferimento tecnico di Telcordia Technologies TR-NWT-001011<\/li>\r\n \t
      • ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1449.<\/li>\r\n \t
      • AS\/NZS 1768<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEach standard defines different protector characteristics, test vectors, or operational purpose.\r\n\r\nEN 62305 and ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx define what spikes a protector might be expected to divert. EN 61643-11 and 61643-21 specify both the product\u2019s performance and safety requirements. In contrast, the IEC only writes standards and does not certify any particular product as meeting those standards. IEC Standards are used by members of the CB Scheme of international agreements to test and certify products for safety compliance.\r\n\r\nIn addition, the following standards are not standards for standalone surge protectors, but are instead meant for testing surge immunity in electrical and electronic equipment as a whole. Thus, they\u2019re frequently used in the design and test of surge protection circuitry.\r\n
          \r\n \t
        • IEC 61000-4-2 Test di immunit\u00e0 alle scariche elettrostatiche<\/li>\r\n \t
        • IEC 61000-4-4 Test di immunit\u00e0 ai transitori elettrici veloci\/burst<\/li>\r\n \t
        • Test di immunit\u00e0 alle sovratensioni IEC 61000-4-5<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPrincipio<\/strong>\r\n\r\nL'SPD \u00e8 progettato per limitare le sovratensioni transitorie di origine atmosferica e deviare le onde di corrente verso terra, in modo da limitare l'ampiezza di questa sovratensione a un valore non pericoloso per l'impianto elettrico e le apparecchiature elettriche di comando e controllo.\r\n\r\nL'SPD elimina la sovratensione<\/strong>\r\n
            \r\n \t
          • In modo comune, tra fase e neutro o terra;<\/li>\r\n \t
          • In modalit\u00e0 differenziale, tra fase e neutro.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn caso di sovratensione superiore alla soglia operativa, l'SPD\r\n
              \r\n \t
            • Conduce l'energia a terra, in modo comune;<\/li>\r\n \t
            • Distribuisce l'energia agli altri conduttori attivi, in modalit\u00e0 differenziale.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nLe tre tipologie di SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD di tipo 1<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 1 SPD is recommended in the specific case of service-sector and industrial buildings, protected by a lightning protection system or a meshed cage.\r\n\r\nIt protects electrical installations against direct lightning strokes. It can discharge the back-current from lightning spreading from the earth conductor to the network conductors.\r\n\r\nType 1 SPD is characterized by a 10\/350 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nSPD di tipo 2<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 2 SPD is the main protection system for all low voltage electrical installations. Installed in each electrical switchboard, it prevents the spread of overvoltage in the electrical installations and protects the loads.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD is characterized by an 8\/20 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nSPD di tipo 3<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThese SPDs have a low discharge capacity. They must therefore mandatorily be installed as a supplement to Type 2 SPD and in the vicinity of sensitive loads.\r\n\r\nType 3 SPD is characterized by a combination of voltage waves (1.2\/50 \u03bcs) and current waves (8\/20 \u03bcs).\r\n\r\nDefinizione normativa SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nFig. J18 \u2013 Definizione standard SPD\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
              <\/td>\r\nColpo di fulmine diretto<\/strong><\/td>\r\nColpo di fulmine indiretto<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              CEI EN 61643-1<\/strong><\/td>\r\nProva di prima classe<\/td>\r\nProva di II classe<\/td>\r\nProva di classe III<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              CEI 61643-11\/2011<\/strong><\/td>\r\nTipo 1\u00a0:<\/td>\r\nTipo 2\u00a0:<\/td>\r\nTipo 3:<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              EN\/IEC 61643-11<\/strong><\/td>\r\nTipo 1<\/td>\r\nTipo 2<\/td>\r\nTipo 3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              Precedente VDE 0675v<\/strong><\/td>\r\nB<\/td>\r\nC<\/td>\r\nD<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              Tipo di onda di prova<\/strong><\/td>\r\n10\/350<\/td>\r\n8\/20<\/td>\r\n1.2\/50 + 8\/20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
                \r\n \t
              • Nota 1<\/strong>: Esistono\u00a0+\u00a0 \u00a0SPD (o SPD di Tipo 1 + 2) che combinano la protezione dei carichi contro i fulmini diretti e indiretti.<\/li>\r\n \t
              • Nota 2<\/strong>: alcuni\u00a0 SPD possono anche essere dichiarati come\u00a0 .<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAccording to this;\r\n\r\nFirst Stage: Type 1 \/ Class 1 \/ Class B lightning protection surge arrester are the front protection units of the facility \/ structure. They are circuit elements capable of absorbing and damping direct lightning strikes that may come from power lines.\r\n\r\nIt must be installed in the main distribution \/ transformer panel inside and \/ or outside the building.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 50kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nSecond Stage: Type 2 \/ Class 2 \/ C Class Surge Protection Devices (Surge Arresters) are circuit elements used in the secondary and \/ or lower secondary panels of the facility \/ building. Compared to Type 1 \/ Class II surge arresters, their strength is lower but their sensitivity is better.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in an 8\/20 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 10kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 25kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nType 1 + 2 \/ Class 1 + 2 \/ B + C Class compact protection elements have been used as second level protection in recent years.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 40kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\nIt is used in the electrical panel of the uninterruptible power supply and \/ or in the secondary panels positioned like a main panel.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nThird Stage: Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class sudden overvoltage protection surge arresters are circuit elements used in its lines to protect sensitive electronic devices.\r\n\r\nThe product range is quite wide as it can be connected to different devices with different connection protocols \/ sockets \/ ports.\r\n\r\nBelow are some of the Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class surge arresters for different circuits \/ devices.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"","protected":false},"featured_media":863,"parent":0,"menu_order":146,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[8],"class_list":["post-862","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-company-news"],"acf":{"des":"The Surge Protection Device (SPD) is a component of the electrical installation protection system.","txt":"The Surge Protection Device (SPD) is a component of the electrical installation protection system.\r\n\r\nThis device is connected in parallel on the power supply circuit of the loads that it has to protect (see Fig. J17). It can also be used at all levels of the power supply network.\r\n\r\nThis is the most commonly used and most efficient type of overvoltage protection.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nScientists have carried out important studies on the characteristics and effects of lightning strikes for years, and have developed technological products accordingly. Today, tests of these products can also be carried out by simulating a lightning strike in this context.\r\n\r\nLightning Strike Wave Types:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe lightning strike can be studied in two different wavelengths.\r\n
                  \r\n \t
                1. Direct Lightning Strike 10 \/ 350\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nImpulse currents in a waveform of 10\/350 \u03bcs occur in direct lightning strikes. This pulse rapid voltage increase releases great power with a large current pulse.\r\n\r\nToday, External Lightning Protection System materials and Type 1 \/ Class I type Surge Arrester circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n
                    \r\n \t
                  1. Lightning Strike and Switching Voltages on a Remote Area 8 \/ 20\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nLightning strikes at a distant location and impulse currents with switching voltages 8\/20 \u03bcs waveform occur.\r\n\r\nThe energy content of this pulse is significantly lower than the lightning test current\u2019s pulse current wave of 10\/350 \u03bcs. Type 2 \/ Class II and Type 3 \/ Class III type Surge Protector (Surge Arrester) circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n\r\nStandards<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSome frequently listed standards include:\r\n
                      \r\n \t
                    • IEC 61643-11 Low-voltage surge protective devices \u2013 Part 11: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power systems \u2013 Requirements and test methods (replaces IEC 61643-1)<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • IEC 61643-21 Low voltage surge protective devices \u2013 Part 21: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks \u2013 Performance requirements and testing methods<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • IEC 61643-22 Low-voltage surge protective devices \u2013 Part 22: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks \u2013 Selection and application principles<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • EN 61643-11, 61643-21 and 61643-22<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • Telcordia Technologies Technical Reference TR-NWT-001011<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1449.<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • AS\/NZS 1768<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEach standard defines different protector characteristics, test vectors, or operational purpose.\r\n\r\nEN 62305 and ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx define what spikes a protector might be expected to divert. EN 61643-11 and 61643-21 specify both the product\u2019s performance and safety requirements. In contrast, the IEC only writes standards and does not certify any particular product as meeting those standards. IEC Standards are used by members of the CB Scheme of international agreements to test and certify products for safety compliance.\r\n\r\nIn addition, the following standards are not standards for standalone surge protectors, but are instead meant for testing surge immunity in electrical and electronic equipment as a whole. Thus, they\u2019re frequently used in the design and test of surge protection circuitry.\r\n
                        \r\n \t
                      • IEC 61000-4-2 Electrostatic discharge immunity test<\/li>\r\n \t
                      • IEC 61000-4-4 Electrical fast transient\/burst immunity test<\/li>\r\n \t
                      • IEC 61000-4-5 Surge immunity test<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPrinciple<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD is designed to limit transient overvoltage of atmospheric origin and divert current waves to earth, so as to limit the amplitude of this overvoltage to a value that is not hazardous for the electrical installation and electric switchgear and control gear.\r\n\r\nSPD eliminates overvoltage<\/strong>\r\n
                          \r\n \t
                        • In common mode, between phase and neutral or earth;<\/li>\r\n \t
                        • In differential mode, between phase and neutral.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn the event of an overvoltage exceeding the operating threshold, the SPD\r\n
                            \r\n \t
                          • Conducts the energy to earth, in common mode;<\/li>\r\n \t
                          • Distributes the energy to the other live conductors, in differential mode.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe three types of SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nType 1 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 1 SPD is recommended in the specific case of service-sector and industrial buildings, protected by a lightning protection system or a meshed cage.\r\n\r\nIt protects electrical installations against direct lightning strokes. It can discharge the back-current from lightning spreading from the earth conductor to the network conductors.\r\n\r\nType 1 SPD is characterized by a 10\/350 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 2 SPD is the main protection system for all low voltage electrical installations. Installed in each electrical switchboard, it prevents the spread of overvoltage in the electrical installations and protects the loads.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD is characterized by an 8\/20 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nType 3 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThese SPDs have a low discharge capacity. They must therefore mandatorily be installed as a supplement to Type 2 SPD and in the vicinity of sensitive loads.\r\n\r\nType 3 SPD is characterized by a combination of voltage waves (1.2\/50 \u03bcs) and current waves (8\/20 \u03bcs).\r\n\r\nSPD normative definition<\/strong>\r\n\r\nFig. J18 \u2013 SPD standard definition\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
                            <\/td>\r\nDirect lightning stroke<\/strong><\/td>\r\nIndirect lightning stroke<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            IEC 61643-1<\/strong><\/td>\r\nClass I test<\/td>\r\nClass II test<\/td>\r\nClass III test<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            IEC 61643-11\/2011<\/strong><\/td>\r\nType 1\u00a0:<\/td>\r\nType 2\u00a0:<\/td>\r\nType 3\u00a0:<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            EN\/IEC 61643-11<\/strong><\/td>\r\nType 1<\/td>\r\nType 2<\/td>\r\nType 3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            Former VDE 0675v<\/strong><\/td>\r\nB<\/td>\r\nC<\/td>\r\nD<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            Type of test wave<\/strong><\/td>\r\n10\/350<\/td>\r\n8\/20<\/td>\r\n1.2\/50 + 8\/20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
                              \r\n \t
                            • Note 1<\/strong>: There exist\u00a0 +\u00a0 \u00a0SPD (or Type 1 + 2 SPD) combining protection of loads against direct and indirect lightning strokes.<\/li>\r\n \t
                            • Note 2<\/strong>: some\u00a0 SPD can also be declared as\u00a0 .<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAccording to this;\r\n\r\nFirst Stage: Type 1 \/ Class 1 \/ Class B lightning protection surge arrester are the front protection units of the facility \/ structure. They are circuit elements capable of absorbing and damping direct lightning strikes that may come from power lines.\r\n\r\nIt must be installed in the main distribution \/ transformer panel inside and \/ or outside the building.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 50kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nSecond Stage: Type 2 \/ Class 2 \/ C Class Surge Protection Devices (Surge Arresters) are circuit elements used in the secondary and \/ or lower secondary panels of the facility \/ building. Compared to Type 1 \/ Class II surge arresters, their strength is lower but their sensitivity is better.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in an 8\/20 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 10kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 25kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nType 1 + 2 \/ Class 1 + 2 \/ B + C Class compact protection elements have been used as second level protection in recent years.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 40kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\nIt is used in the electrical panel of the uninterruptible power supply and \/ or in the secondary panels positioned like a main panel.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nThird Stage: Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class sudden overvoltage protection surge arresters are circuit elements used in its lines to protect sensitive electronic devices.\r\n\r\nThe product range is quite wide as it can be connected to different devices with different connection protocols \/ sockets \/ ports.\r\n\r\nBelow are some of the Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class surge arresters for different circuits \/ devices.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}