{"id":2241,"date":"2025-11-19T14:11:15","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T06:11:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=2241"},"modified":"2025-11-19T15:12:37","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T07:12:37","slug":"type-1-surge-protection-device-vs-type-2-spd","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/blog\/type-1-surge-protection-device-vs-type-2-spd\/","title":{"rendered":"Dispositivo di protezione contro le sovratensioni di tipo 1 VS SPD di tipo 2"},"content":{"rendered":"In modern electrical systems, surge protectors (SPDs) are critical devices for protecting against damage from lightning strikes and switch surges. However, many people are confused by the different types, such as Type 1 and Type 2\u00a0surge protection device.\r\n\r\nWhat Is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 SPD?This article will provide an in-depth comparison of Dispositivo di protezione contro le sovratensioni di tipo 1<\/strong><\/a> e SPD di tipo 2 per aiutarti a comprenderne le differenze, gli scenari applicativi e a fare la scelta giusta.\r\n\r\n \r\n

2. Dispositivo di protezione da sovratensione di tipo 1 rispetto a SPD di tipo 2<\/h2>\r\nSurge protectors (SPDs) are the \"safety valves\" of electrical systems. Type 1 and Type 2 are the two most commonly used SPDs. They each have their own functions and work together to build a complete protection system.\r\n

2.1 Funzione principale degli SPD di Tipo 1 e di Tipo 2<\/h2>\r\n\"BR-25M<\/a>\r\n
SPD di tipo 1 (dispositivo di scarica della corrente di fulmine):<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Funzione principale: Fornisce protezione dai fulmini diretti o dalle correnti parziali di fulmine. Solitamente posizionato nel punto di ingresso principale di un edificio, fornisce una protezione di primo livello (di base).<\/div>\r\n
Compito principale: gestisce e reindirizza le grandi correnti di fulmine per impedire danni alle apparecchiature e alle linee a valle.<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
SPD di tipo 2 (dispositivo di controllo della pressione):<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Funzione principale: Utilizzato per la protezione contro le sovratensioni dovute al funzionamento dell'interruttore e le sovratensioni residue derivanti dai fulmini indotti. Viene generalmente installato in scatole di distribuzione (come le scatole di distribuzione a pavimento) e fornisce il secondo livello (protezione intermedia).<\/div>\r\n
Compito principale: limitare la tensione residua a un livello sicuro per le apparecchiature terminali, fungendo da protezione primaria per le apparecchiature elettroniche sensibili.<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n

2.2 Principali parametri di prova<\/h2>\r\n
Tipo 1 SPD monofase:<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Impulse Current (I<sub>imp<\/sub>): The most critical parameter. It indicates the SPD's ability to withstand a typical lightning current, including peak current (10\/350\u03bcs waveform), charge quantity, and other comprehensive requirements. For example: 25 kA (10\/350\u03bcs).<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\"BR-20<\/a><\/div>\r\n
SPD di tipo 2:<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Corrente di scarica nominale (In<\/sub>): il parametro principale. Indica la corrente di prova standard (forma d'onda 8\/20\u03bcs) che l'SPD pu\u00f2 sopportare pi\u00f9 volte. Ad esempio: 20 kA (8\/20\u03bcs).<\/div>\r\n
Corrente di scarica massima (Imax<\/sub>): indica la corrente di scarica massima (forma d'onda 8\/20\u03bcs) che l'SPD pu\u00f2 sopportare in una singola operazione.<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n

2.3 Prova delle forme d'onda<\/h2>\r\n10\/350\u03bcs waveform (for Type 1 testing): This waveform simulates some of the current characteristics of a direct lightning strike. Its current rise is slow, but its duration is long, carrying approximately 20 times the energy of the 8\/20\u03bcs waveform, making it extremely destructive.\r\n\r\n8\/20\u03bcs waveform (for Type 2 testing): This waveform simulates induced lightning and switching surges. The current rises quickly, its duration is short, and its energy is relatively small.\r\n\r\n \r\n

2.4 Luogo di installazione<\/h2>\r\nType 1 lightning surge protection device: Installed in the building's main distribution panel (main incoming line box), located after the electricity meter and before or after the main circuit breaker (depending on product design).\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD: Installed in distribution panels, such as floor distribution boxes or distribution boxes in critical equipment rooms (e.g., data centers, elevator control rooms).\r\n\r\n \r\n

2.5 Relazione sul sistema di protezione contro le sovratensioni esterno<\/h2>\r\nType 1 SPD: Must be installed at the power inlet of buildings equipped with external lightning protection systems (lightning rods, down conductors). This is a mandatory requirement of international standards (such as IEC 62305) because it effectively handles direct lightning current coupled from the down conductor to the power line.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD: Not directly mandatory with external lightning protection systems. Type 2 SPDs are required to handle induced surges regardless of whether the building has an external lightning protection system.\r\n\r\n \r\n

2.6 Coordinamento<\/h2>\r\nGli SPD di Tipo 1 e di Tipo 2 devono lavorare insieme. \u00c8 necessario mantenere una certa distanza di linea tra loro (generalmente consigliata di almeno 10 metri), oppure utilizzare dispositivi di disaccoppiamento (come reattori dedicati) per garantire che, in caso di sovratensione, intervenga prima l'SPD di Tipo 1 per dissipare la maggior parte dell'energia, e poi l'SPD di Tipo 2 intervenga per limitare la tensione residua a un livello inferiore. Se la distanza \u00e8 insufficiente, una forte sovratensione potrebbe bypassare il Tipo 1 e danneggiare il Tipo 2.\r\n\r\n \r\n

Ho bisogno di un SPD di tipo 1 o di tipo 2?<\/h2>\r\nQuesto \u00e8 un processo decisionale per aiutarti a fare una scelta:\r\n

L'edificio dispone di un sistema di protezione contro le sovratensioni esterno?<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nYes: You must install a Type 1 SPD in the main distribution box.\r\n\r\nNo\/Unsure: You can skip Type 1, but installing Type 2 is strongly recommended.\r\n

Valutazione del rischio di sovratensione sulla linea elettrica in entrata<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nAnche senza un sistema di protezione contro i fulmini esterno, se il tuo edificio si trova in un'area aperta, in cima a una collina o ha lunghe linee elettriche aeree, il rischio di fulmini \u00e8 elevato. L'installazione di un SPD di tipo 1 pu\u00f2 fornire un livello di protezione pi\u00f9 elevato.\r\n

Decidere la selezione<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nScenario A (Standard residential building, no external lightning protection): Installing a Type 2 SPD in the main distribution box provides sufficient protection.\r\n\r\nScenario B (Villa\/commercial building with lightning rod): A Type 1 SPD must be installed in the main distribution box, and Type 2 SPDs must be installed in floor distribution boxes or distribution boxes for critical equipment.\r\n\r\nScenario C (Risk compromise): If space or budget is limited, a Type 1+2 combined SPD can be installed in the main distribution box (see FAQ).\r\n

Concetto di protezione graduale (coordinata).<\/h2>\r\n

Perch\u00e9 \u00e8 necessaria la protezione graduata?<\/h3>\r\nNo single SPD can perfectly handle all types of surges. The concept of tiered protection is:\r\n\r\nType 1 (Level 1): Intercepts and discharges the vast majority of the enormous energy (e.g., 90%) at the inlet.\r\n\r\nType 2 (Level 2): \u200b\u200bFurther limits the residual surge voltage after the first level, bringing it within the equipment's safe range.\r\n\r\nType 3 (Fine Protection): Uses surge strips at the equipment end to provide fine protection for the last mile.\r\n\r\nThis is like a line of defense: the first line weakens the main force, the second line clears the residue, and ensures the safety of the main base (your equipment).\r\n

Tipico schema di protezione graduale<\/h3>\r\nA complete solution is as follows:\r\n\r\nLevel I: Main Distribution Box \u2192 Type 1 SPD\r\n\r\nLevel II: Floor Distribution Box \u2192 Type 2 SPD\r\n\r\nLevel III: Equipment Front-End (e.g., sockets) \u2192 Type 3 SPD (surge power strip)\r\n

Domande frequenti<\/h2>\r\nPosso installare sia SPD monofase di Tipo 1 che di Tipo 2?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAbsolutely, and it's best practice. Type 1 and Type 2 single phase SPDs work together to provide tiered protection from the inlet to the device.\r\n\r\nDifferenza tra SPD combinato di tipo 1+2 e installazione separata<\/strong>\r\n
SPD Combinato Tipo 1+2: Un unico dispositivo integra sia i moduli di Tipo 1 che di Tipo 2. I suoi vantaggi includono il risparmio di spazio e la facilit\u00e0 di installazione, che lo rendono particolarmente adatto a scenari con spazio limitato nella scatola di distribuzione principale. Ha superato i test di coordinamento per garantire la corretta compatibilit\u00e0 dei moduli.<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
Installazione separata: offre la massima flessibilit\u00e0 e manutenibilit\u00e0. Se un modulo di Tipo 1 \u00e8 danneggiato, solo il modulo di Tipo 1 pu\u00f2 essere sostituito senza influenzare il modulo di Tipo 2. Tuttavia \u00e8 necessario garantire una distanza sufficiente tra loro oppure utilizzare un dispositivo di disaccoppiamento.<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\nUtilizzo le strisce di protezione contro le sovratensioni sulle mie prese. \u00c8 necessario installare l'SPD di tipo 2?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAbsolutely necessary. Surge power strips (Type 3 SPDs) have limited discharge capabilities; they are designed to absorb very small residual surges at the device end. They cannot withstand major surge energy transmitted from the power line.\r\n\r\nWithout a Type 2 SPD dissipating energy at the pre-amplifier stage, a larger surge could directly destroy your surge power strip and connected devices. Type 2 SPDs are the mainstay in protecting the entire circuit branch.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nSPD monofase VS SPD trifase di tipo 1<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGli SPD monofase vengono utilizzati nei sistemi di alimentazione monofase (un filo sotto tensione e un filo neutro), mentre gli SPD trifase di tipo 1 vengono utilizzati nei sistemi di alimentazione trifase (tre fili sotto tensione e un filo neutro o tre fili sotto tensione, un filo neutro e un filo di terra), progettati per proteggere tutti i cavi di fase da massicci impatti di sovratensioni come i fulmini diretti.\r\n

Conclusione<\/h2>\r\n
SPD di Tipo 1 contro Tipo 2? La scelta tra SPD di Tipo 1 e di Tipo 2 non \u00e8 una questione aut-aut, ma piuttosto una questione su come costruire un'efficace gerarchia di protezione contro i fulmini.<\/div>\r\n
Type 1 SPDs are the \"heavy armor\" against direct lightning strikes and are the mandatory first choice for buildings with external lightning protection systems.<\/div>\r\n
Type 2 SPDs are the \"main force\" against everyday surges and are core protection equipment that almost all buildings should have installed.<\/div>\r\n
La strategia pi\u00f9 sicura e affidabile \u00e8 seguire un principio di protezione a pi\u00f9 livelli: installare il Tipo 1 agli ingressi principali, il Tipo 2 alle scatole di distribuzione e le sbarre di sovracorrente nelle posizioni delle apparecchiature finali. Attraverso questo sistema di protezione a pi\u00f9 livelli, puoi fornire la protezione pi\u00f9 completa per le tue apparecchiature elettriche e le tue propriet\u00e0.<\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":2246,"parent":0,"menu_order":106,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[9],"class_list":["post-2241","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-industry-news"],"acf":{"des":"Comparison of Type 1 surge protection device and Type 2 SPD to help you understand their differences, application scenarios, and make the right choice.","txt":"In modern electrical systems, surge protectors (SPDs) are critical devices for protecting against damage from lightning strikes and switch surges. However, many people are confused by the different types, such as Type 1 and Type 2\u00a0surge protection device.\r\n\r\nWhat Is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 SPD?This article will provide an in-depth comparison of Type 1 surge protection device<\/strong><\/a> and Type 2 SPDs to help you understand their differences, application scenarios, and make the right choice.\r\n\r\n \r\n

2. Type 1 Surge Protection Device Vs Type 2 SPD<\/h2>\r\nSurge protectors (SPDs) are the \"safety valves\" of electrical systems. Type 1 and Type 2 are the two most commonly used SPDs. They each have their own functions and work together to build a complete protection system.\r\n

2.1 Main function of Type 1 and Type 2 SPD<\/h2>\r\n\"BR-25M<\/a>\r\n
Type 1 SPD (Lightning Current Discharge Device):<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Main Function: Provides protection from direct lightning strikes or partial lightning currents. Usually placed at the main entry point of a building, it gives first-level (basic) protection.<\/div>\r\n
Core Task: Handles and redirects large lightning currents to stop damage to equipment and lines downstream.<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
Type 2 SPD (Pressure Control Device):<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Main Function: Used for protection against surges from switch operation and residual surges from induced lightning strikes. It is typically installed in distribution boxes (such as floor distribution boxes) and provides second-level (intermediate protection).<\/div>\r\n
Core Task: Limits residual voltage to a safe level for terminal equipment, serving as the primary protection for sensitive electronic equipment.<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n

2.2 Main Test Parameters<\/h2>\r\n
Type 1 SPD Single Phase:<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Impulse Current (I<sub>imp<\/sub>): The most critical parameter. It indicates the SPD's ability to withstand a typical lightning current, including peak current (10\/350\u03bcs waveform), charge quantity, and other comprehensive requirements. For example: 25 kA (10\/350\u03bcs).<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
\"BR-20<\/a><\/div>\r\n
Type 2 SPD:<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Nominal Discharge Current (I<sub>n<\/sub>): The core parameter. It indicates the standard test current (8\/20\u03bcs waveform) that the SPD can withstand multiple times. For example: 20 kA (8\/20\u03bcs).<\/div>\r\n
Maximum Discharge Current (I<sub>max<\/sub>): Indicates the maximum discharge current (8\/20\u03bcs waveform) that the SPD can withstand in a single operation.<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n

2.3 Test Waveforms<\/h2>\r\n10\/350\u03bcs waveform (for Type 1 testing): This waveform simulates some of the current characteristics of a direct lightning strike. Its current rise is slow, but its duration is long, carrying approximately 20 times the energy of the 8\/20\u03bcs waveform, making it extremely destructive.\r\n\r\n8\/20\u03bcs waveform (for Type 2 testing): This waveform simulates induced lightning and switching surges. The current rises quickly, its duration is short, and its energy is relatively small.\r\n\r\n \r\n

2.4 Installation Location<\/h2>\r\nType 1 lightning surge protection device: Installed in the building's main distribution panel (main incoming line box), located after the electricity meter and before or after the main circuit breaker (depending on product design).\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD: Installed in distribution panels, such as floor distribution boxes or distribution boxes in critical equipment rooms (e.g., data centers, elevator control rooms).\r\n\r\n \r\n

2.5 Reltation of External Surge Protection System<\/h2>\r\nType 1 SPD: Must be installed at the power inlet of buildings equipped with external lightning protection systems (lightning rods, down conductors). This is a mandatory requirement of international standards (such as IEC 62305) because it effectively handles direct lightning current coupled from the down conductor to the power line.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD: Not directly mandatory with external lightning protection systems. Type 2 SPDs are required to handle induced surges regardless of whether the building has an external lightning protection system.\r\n\r\n \r\n

2.6 Coordination<\/h2>\r\nType 1 and Type 2 SPDs need to work together. A certain line distance must be maintained between them (generally recommended to be at least 10 meters), or decoupling devices (such as dedicated reactors) should be used to ensure that, in the event of a surge, the Type 1 SPD trips first to dissipate most of the energy, and then the Type 2 SPD trips to limit the residual voltage to a lower level. If the distance is insufficient, a large surge may bypass the Type 1 and damage the Type 2.\r\n\r\n \r\n

Do I Need Type 1 Or Type 2 SPD?<\/h2>\r\nThis is a decision-making process to help you make a choice:\r\n

Does The Building Have An External Surge Protection System?<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nYes: You must install a Type 1 SPD in the main distribution box.\r\n\r\nNo\/Unsure: You can skip Type 1, but installing Type 2 is strongly recommended.\r\n

Surge Risk Assessment At Incoming Power Line<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nEven without an external lightning protection system, if your building is located in an open area, on a hilltop, or has long overhead power lines, the risk of lightning strikes is high. Installing a Type 1 SPD can provide a higher level of protection.\r\n

Decide Selection<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nScenario A (Standard residential building, no external lightning protection): Installing a Type 2 SPD in the main distribution box provides sufficient protection.\r\n\r\nScenario B (Villa\/commercial building with lightning rod): A Type 1 SPD must be installed in the main distribution box, and Type 2 SPDs must be installed in floor distribution boxes or distribution boxes for critical equipment.\r\n\r\nScenario C (Risk compromise): If space or budget is limited, a Type 1+2 combined SPD can be installed in the main distribution box (see FAQ).\r\n

Concept Of Graded (Coordinated) Protection<\/h2>\r\n

Why Is Graded Protection Necessary?<\/h3>\r\nNo single SPD can perfectly handle all types of surges. The concept of tiered protection is:\r\n\r\nType 1 (Level 1): Intercepts and discharges the vast majority of the enormous energy (e.g., 90%) at the inlet.\r\n\r\nType 2 (Level 2): \u200b\u200bFurther limits the residual surge voltage after the first level, bringing it within the equipment's safe range.\r\n\r\nType 3 (Fine Protection): Uses surge strips at the equipment end to provide fine protection for the last mile.\r\n\r\nThis is like a line of defense: the first line weakens the main force, the second line clears the residue, and ensures the safety of the main base (your equipment).\r\n

Typical Graded Protection Scheme<\/h3>\r\nA complete solution is as follows:\r\n\r\nLevel I: Main Distribution Box \u2192 Type 1 SPD\r\n\r\nLevel II: Floor Distribution Box \u2192 Type 2 SPD\r\n\r\nLevel III: Equipment Front-End (e.g., sockets) \u2192 Type 3 SPD (surge power strip)\r\n

FAQ<\/h2>\r\nCan I Install Both Type 1 And Type 2 Single Phase SPD?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAbsolutely, and it's best practice. Type 1 and Type 2 single phase SPDs work together to provide tiered protection from the inlet to the device.\r\n\r\nDifference Between Type 1+2 Combined Spd And Installing Them Separately<\/strong>\r\n
Type 1+2 Combined SPD: A single device integrates both Type 1 and Type 2 modules. Its advantages include space saving and easy installation, making it particularly suitable for scenarios with limited space in the main distribution box. It has passed coordination testing to ensure proper module compatibility.<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n
Separate Installation: Offers maximum flexibility and maintainability. If a Type 1 module is damaged, only the Type 1 module can be replaced without affecting the Type 2 module. However, sufficient distance must be ensured between them, or a decoupling device must be used.<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\nI Use Surge Strips On My Outlets. Do I Need To Install Type 2 SPD?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAbsolutely necessary. Surge power strips (Type 3 SPDs) have limited discharge capabilities; they are designed to absorb very small residual surges at the device end. They cannot withstand major surge energy transmitted from the power line.\r\n\r\nWithout a Type 2 SPD dissipating energy at the pre-amplifier stage, a larger surge could directly destroy your surge power strip and connected devices. Type 2 SPDs are the mainstay in protecting the entire circuit branch.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nSingle Phase SPD VS Three phase Type 1 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSingle-phase SPDs are used in single-phase power supply systems (one live wire and one neutral wire), while three-phase Type 1 SPDs are used in three-phase power supply systems (three live wires and one neutral wire or three live wires, one neutral wire, and one ground wire), designed to protect all phase wires from massive surge impacts such as direct lightning strikes.\r\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\r\n
SPD Type 1 Vs Type 2?Choosing between Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs is not an either-or question, but rather a question of how to build an effective lightning protection hierarchy.<\/div>\r\n
Type 1 SPDs are the \"heavy armor\" against direct lightning strikes and are the mandatory first choice for buildings with external lightning protection systems.<\/div>\r\n
Type 2 SPDs are the \"main force\" against everyday surges and are core protection equipment that almost all buildings should have installed.<\/div>\r\n
The safest and most reliable strategy is to follow a tiered protection principle: deploy Type 1 at main entrances, Type 2 at distribution boxes, and surge strips at final equipment locations. Through this layered protection system, you can provide the most comprehensive protection for your electrical equipment and property.<\/div>"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/2241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=2241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}