{"id":797,"date":"2023-12-19T16:31:05","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T08:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=797"},"modified":"2024-09-05T16:36:33","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T08:36:33","slug":"surge-protector-faq","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/hu\/blog\/surge-protector-faq\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9gv\u00e9d\u0151 GYIK"},"content":{"rendered":"A t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9gv\u00e9d\u0151k \u00f6r\u00f6kk\u00e9 tartanak?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNem, nem. Minden alkalommal, amikor egy t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9gv\u00e9d\u0151 \u00e1tir\u00e1ny\u00edtja a t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9get a csatlakoztatott berendez\u00e9sr\u0151l, a v\u00e9d\u0151 bels\u0151 szerkezete egy kicsit megs\u00e9r\u00fcl. Id\u0151vel a t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9g-v\u00e9d\u0151 r\u00e9szei, amelyek biztons\u00e1gban tartj\u00e1k a csatlakoztatott berendez\u00e9st, egyszer\u0171en le\u00e1llnak. Az, hogy ez mennyi ideig tart, az \u00e1raml\u00f6k\u00e9sek gyakoris\u00e1g\u00e1t\u00f3l \u00e9s er\u0151ss\u00e9g\u00e9t\u0151l f\u00fcgg.\r\n\r\nA megl\u00e9v\u0151 v\u00e9delmek, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az MCB, ELCB stb., nem elegend\u0151ek a t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9g elleni v\u00e9delemhez?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAll the existing protecting devices like MCB, ELCB etc. are current sensitive devices. They get activated based on a fault current. These devices are triggered when the fault current persists for duration of more than 3 to 20 milliseconds. However, the surge typically lasts for a few micro seconds only during which time it causes all the damage.\r\n\r\nHence the conventional devices like MCB, ELCB fuses etc. are not effective in protection against surges. In view of the above, special equipment called surge protection device which has a response time of two nanoseconds is required to be installed to protect against the surges.\r\n\r\nMi az a t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9g?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9g a h\u00e1za vezet\u00e9kein \u00e1tfoly\u00f3 elektromos \u00e1ram kiugr\u00e1sa. K\u00e1ros\u00edthatj\u00e1k a szok\u00e1sos k\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9keket, az \u00e9rz\u00e9keny AV elektronik\u00e1t \u00e9s a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pes berendez\u00e9seket.\r\n\r\nMelyek az SPD-kben haszn\u00e1lt k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAz SPD-kben haszn\u00e1lt n\u00e9pszer\u0171 technol\u00f3gi\u00e1k k\u00f6z\u00fcl n\u00e9h\u00e1ny a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151:\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. i) G\u00e1zkis\u00fcl\u00e9si cs\u00f6vek<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. ii) F\u00e9m-oxid varisztorok<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\niii) Szikrak\u00f6z\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. iv) Zener di\u00f3da<\/li>\r\n \t
    2. v) Szil\u00edcium Avalanche di\u00f3d\u00e1k<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nEzek k\u00f6z\u00fcl a g\u00e1zkis\u00fcl\u00e9ses cs\u00f6vek, a f\u00e9m-oxid varisztorok \u00e9s a szikrak\u00f6z a t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9g-levezet\u0151k legn\u00e9pszer\u0171bb t\u00edpusai.\r\n\r\nMi okozza a t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9get?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA legt\u00f6bb t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9g az \u00d6n otthon\u00e1b\u00f3l fakad. A t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9get sz\u00e1mos k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00e9nyez\u0151 okozza, bele\u00e9rtve a sz\u00e9ls\u0151s\u00e9ges id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1st, a hib\u00e1s vagy s\u00e9r\u00fclt elektromos vezet\u00e9keket, vagy egy nagy teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u0171 elektromos eszk\u00f6z, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul l\u00e9gkondicion\u00e1l\u00f3 vagy nagy villanymotor hirtelen be- \u00e9s kikapcsol\u00e1s\u00e1t.\r\n\r\nAz SPD-besorol\u00e1sokat a vonal \u00e1ram\u00e1t\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en kell kiv\u00e1lasztani?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u00c1ltal\u00e1ban az elektromos \u00e1ramk\u00f6rre szerelt SPD-k p\u00e1rhuzamosan vannak csatlakoztatva, \u00edgy f\u00fcggetlenek a terhel\u00e9si (vonali) \u00e1ramt\u00f3l.\r\n\r\nMi\u00e9rt kell agg\u00f3dni a t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9g miatt?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAz er\u0151s \u00e1ramingadoz\u00e1sok pillanatok alatt elt\u00f6r\u00f6lhetik otthoni berendez\u00e9seit. A viharok okozta t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9gek mellett az \u00e1tlagos otthonok naponta t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r is \u201crejtett\u201d t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9get tapasztalhatnak m\u00e1s forr\u00e1sokb\u00f3l. Ezek a kisebb t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9gek halmozottan k\u00e1ros\u00edtj\u00e1k az elektronik\u00e1t, ler\u00f6vid\u00edtve \u00e9lettartamukat \u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00fcl meghib\u00e1sodva.\r\n\r\nHogyan hat\u00e1rozhat\u00f3 meg, hogy egy adott helyen milyen t\u00edpus\u00fa SPD-ket kell telep\u00edteni?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAz SPD-k kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa egy adott helyen a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151kt\u0151l f\u00fcgg:\r\n
        \r\n \t
      1. a) A helysz\u00edn domborzata a vill\u00e1mcsap\u00e1sok szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l.<\/li>\r\n \t
      2. b) \u00c9rz\u00e9kenys\u00e9g a kapcsol\u00e1si t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9gekre a nagy terhel\u00e9sek k\u00f6zels\u00e9ge miatt \/ vid\u00e9ki adagol\u00f3hoz csatlakoztatva stb.<\/li>\r\n \t
      3. c) Az \u00e1ramk\u00f6rre csatlakoztatott berendez\u00e9s \u00e9rz\u00e9kenys\u00e9ge.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nNormally SPDs with Class-B & C are installed at the main panels and SPDs with Class-C rate are installed at the sub panels. The ratings for class-B, SPDs shall be a minimum of 12.5 KA Iimp.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-C (Imax. rating), it should be, a minimum of 40 kA at the sub panels.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-D SPDs which are installed near sensitive equipment, the criteria shall be the residual voltage or the protection level which should be lower than the temporary over voltage withstanding capacity of the protected equipment.\r\n\r\nMit csin\u00e1l a t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9g-v\u00e9d\u0151?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9gv\u00e9d\u0151 v\u00e9di az elektronik\u00e1t a t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9gek \u00e9s fesz\u00fclts\u00e9gcs\u00facsok k\u00e1ros hat\u00e1sait\u00f3l. A t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9g-v\u00e9d\u0151k k\u00e9pesek elnyelni \u00e9s eloszlatni a t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9g erej\u00e9t, \u00edgy a csatlakoztatott berendez\u00e9s v\u00e9dve van a t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9gt\u0151l.\r\n\r\nHonnan lehet tudni, hogy a telep\u00edtett SPD m\u0171k\u00f6dik?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMivel az SPD-k mindig p\u00e1rhuzamosan csatlakoznak az elektromos \u00e1ramk\u00f6rh\u00f6z, norm\u00e1l menet k\u00f6zben nem lehet tudni, hogy m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151k\u00e9pesek-e vagy sem. Ez\u00e9rt az SPD eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gess\u00e9g\u00e9nek megismer\u00e9s\u00e9hez \u00e9s nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9g van egy helyi \u00e9s t\u00e1voli jelz\u00e9sre elektromos \u00e9rintkez\u00e9ssel.\r\n\r\nSz\u00fcks\u00e9ges-e k\u00fcl\u00f6n f\u00f6ldel\u00e9s az SPD-k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNem sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges k\u00fcl\u00f6n vagy dedik\u00e1lt f\u00f6ldel\u00e9s az SPD-k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Az SPD-ket mindig az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos f\u00f6ldel\u0151h\u00e1l\u00f3zathoz kell csatlakoztatni.\r\n\r\nSz\u00fcks\u00e9ges-e j\u00f3 f\u00f6ldel\u00e9si rendszer az SPD hat\u00e9kony m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9hez?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMinden SPD \u00fagy m\u0171k\u00f6dik, hogy a felesleges energi\u00e1t a f\u00f6ldre tereli. Emiatt elengedhetetlen, hogy az SPD-hez csatlakoztatott f\u00f6ldel\u0151rendszer hat\u00e9konyan m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151k\u00e9pes legyen, hogy a t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9g akad\u00e1lytalanul tudjon a f\u00f6ldre folyni.\r\n\r\nEl\u00e9rhet\u0151k-e SPD-k az elektromos \u00e1ramk\u00f6r\u00f6n k\u00edv\u00fcli alkalmaz\u00e1sokhoz, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul telefonvonalak, adatvezet\u00e9kek stb.?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD-k minden bizonnyal rendelkez\u00e9sre \u00e1llnak minden \u00e1ramk\u00f6rh\u00f6z, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul telefonvonalhoz, adatvonalhoz, Ethernet-vonalhoz, jelvezet\u00e9khez stb. Ezekben az \u00e1ramk\u00f6r\u00f6kben az SPD-k sorba vannak k\u00f6tve.\r\n\r\nAz els\u0151dleges SPD-k \u00f6nmagukban elegend\u0151ek a berendez\u00e9s v\u00e9delm\u00e9hez?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNem, egy kis l\u00e9tes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt\u0151l a nagy l\u00e9tes\u00edtm\u00e9nyig \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban l\u00e9pcs\u0151zetes vagy r\u00e9teges megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9st kell alkalmazni, ahol az els\u0151dleges v\u00e9delmet a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s bej\u00e1rati panelj\u00e9re, a m\u00e1sodlagos v\u00e9delmet pedig a le\u00e1gaz\u00f3 panelekre kell felszerelni. Minden l\u00e9tes\u00edtm\u00e9ny egyedi elemz\u00e9st ig\u00e9nyel a megfelel\u0151 v\u00e9delem meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, hogy megfeleljen a haszn\u00e1lt berendez\u00e9s ig\u00e9nyeinek. S\u0151t, sz\u00fcks\u00e9g lehet tov\u00e1bbi felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1si pontok SPD-k elhelyez\u00e9s\u00e9re is, ha ez a berendez\u00e9s bizonyos t\u00e1vols\u00e1gra van az ell\u00e1t\u00f3 panelt\u0151l. L\u00e9pcs\u0151zetes megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9saz IEEE aj\u00e1nlja, \u00e9s ez a fajta megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s biztos\u00edtja a leghat\u00e9konyabb t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9gv\u00e9delmet az eg\u00e9sz l\u00e9tes\u00edtm\u00e9nyben. Az SPD-k alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1ra vonatkoz\u00f3 tov\u00e1bbi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k\u00e9rt v\u00e1lassza ki az \u00d6nt \u00e9rdekl\u0151 k\u00f6rnyezet t\u00edpus\u00e1t: ipari, kereskedelmi vagy lakoss\u00e1gi.\r\n\r\nMi\u00e9rt van sz\u00fcks\u00e9gem SPD-re, ha m\u00e1r van lev\u00e1laszt\u00f3 transzform\u00e1torom?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA lev\u00e1laszt\u00f3 transzform\u00e1torok nagyon j\u00f3 k\u00f6z\u00f6s m\u00f3dus\u00fa visszautas\u00edt\u00e1st biztos\u00edtanak, de nem biztos\u00edtanak j\u00f3 differenci\u00e1lis (norm\u00e1l) m\u00f3dus elutas\u00edt\u00e1st. M\u00e1s szavakkal, a vonali (L) \u00e9s nulla (N) vezet\u00e9kekre egyform\u00e1n r\u00e1helyezett t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9get a lev\u00e1laszt\u00f3 transzform\u00e1tor elutas\u00edtja, m\u00edg az L \u00e9s N vezet\u00e9kek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt elt\u00e9r\u0151en megjelen\u0151 t\u00falfesz\u00fclts\u00e9g \u00e1thalad a transzform\u00e1toron. Ne feledje tov\u00e1bb\u00e1, hogy a tranziensek t\u00f6bbs\u00e9g\u00e9t a l\u00e9tes\u00edtm\u00e9nyen bel\u00fcli terhel\u00e9sek gener\u00e1lj\u00e1k, ezeknek a terhel\u00e9si oldal\u00e1n.transzform\u00e1torok. Az egyik berendez\u00e9sr\u0151l a m\u00e1sikra bels\u0151leg gener\u00e1lt tranziens hat\u00e1sok minimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben SPD-t kell elhelyezni.","protected":false},"featured_media":798,"parent":0,"menu_order":176,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[8],"class_list":["post-797","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-company-news"],"acf":{"des":"Do surge protectors last forever?No, they do not. Each time a surge protector reroutes a power surge away from your connected equipment, the internal structure of the protector takes a little bit of damage.","txt":"Do surge protectors last forever?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNo, they do not. Each time a surge protector reroutes a power surge away from your connected equipment, the internal structure of the protector takes a little bit of damage. Over time the parts of the surge protector that keep your connected equipment safe simply stop working. How long this takes depends on the frequency and strength of power surges.\r\n\r\nAre the existing protections like MCB, ELCB etc. not sufficient to protect against surges?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAll the existing protecting devices like MCB, ELCB etc. are current sensitive devices. They get activated based on a fault current. These devices are triggered when the fault current persists for duration of more than 3 to 20 milliseconds. However, the surge typically lasts for a few micro seconds only during which time it causes all the damage.\r\n\r\nHence the conventional devices like MCB, ELCB fuses etc. are not effective in protection against surges. In view of the above, special equipment called surge protection device which has a response time of two nanoseconds is required to be installed to protect against the surges.\r\n\r\nWhat is a power surge?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA power surge is a spike in the electrical current flowing through the wires of your house. They can damage common appliances, sensitive AV electronics and computer equipment.\r\n\r\nWhat are the different technologies used in SPDs?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSome of the popular technologies used in SPDs are the following:\r\n
          \r\n \t
        1. i) Gas discharge tubes<\/li>\r\n \t
        2. ii) Metal oxide varistors<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\niii) Spark gap\r\n
            \r\n \t
          1. iv) Zener diode<\/li>\r\n \t
          2. v) Silicon Avalanche diodes<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nAmong these, gas discharge tubes, metal oxide varistors and spark gap are the most popular types of surge arresters.\r\n\r\nWhat causes a power surge?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMost power surges stem from inside your home. Power surges are caused by many different factors, including severe weather, faulty or damaged electric wiring or the sudden turning on and off of a high power electrical device like an air conditioner or large electric motor.\r\n\r\nAre the SPDs ratings to be selected depending on the line current?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGenerally, the SPDs installed on the electrical Power circuit are connected in parallel and hence will be independent of load (line) current.\r\n\r\nWhy worry about power surges?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nStrong power surges can wipe out your home equipment in an instant. In addition to surges caused by storms, the average home can experience multiple \u201chidden\u201d surges a day from other various sources. These smaller surges cause cumulative damage to electronics, shortening their life and eventually causing them to fail.\r\n\r\nHow to determine what types of SPDs are to be installed at a given location?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe selection of SPDs at a given location depends on:\r\n
              \r\n \t
            1. a) The topography of the location in terms of lightning strikes.<\/li>\r\n \t
            2. b) Susceptibility to switching surges in terms of proximity to large loads \/ connected to rural feeder etc.<\/li>\r\n \t
            3. c) Sensitivity of the equipment connected to the circuit.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nNormally SPDs with Class-B & C are installed at the main panels and SPDs with Class-C rate are installed at the sub panels. The ratings for class-B, SPDs shall be a minimum of 12.5 KA Iimp.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-C (Imax. rating), it should be, a minimum of 40 kA at the sub panels.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-D SPDs which are installed near sensitive equipment, the criteria shall be the residual voltage or the protection level which should be lower than the temporary over voltage withstanding capacity of the protected equipment.\r\n\r\nWhat does a surge protector do?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA surge protector safeguards electronics from the harmful effects of power surges and voltage spikes. Surge protectors can absorb and dissipate the power of a surge so that connected equipment is shielded from the surge.\r\n\r\nHow does one know the SPD installed is working?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSince the SPDs are always connected in parallel to the electrical circuit, during the normal course it is not possible to know whether they are in working condition or not. Hence it is necessary to have a local and remote indication using electrical contact in order to know and monitor the healthiness of the SPD.\r\n\r\nIs it necessary for having separate grounding for SPDs?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIt is not necessary to have a separate or dedicated grounding for SPDs. The SPDs should always be connected to the general earth grid.\r\n\r\nIs a good earthing system necessary for efficient working of the SPD?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAll SPDs work by diverting the excess energy to the ground. Hence it is imperative that the earthing system connected to the SPD must be in efficient working condition so that the surge current can flow to the earth without any hindrance.\r\n\r\nAre SPDs available for applications other than the electrical circuit like telephone lines, data lines etc.?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPDs are certainly available for every circuit like telephone lines, data lines, Ethernet lines, signal lines etc. In all these circuits SPDs are connected in series.\r\n\r\nAre primary SPDs alone sufficient for equipment protection?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNo, from a small facility to a large facility, it is usually necessary to adopt a cascaded or layered approach where primary protection is installed at the service entrance panel, and secondary protection at branch panels. Each facility requires individual analysis to determine the right protection to meet the needs of the equipment being used. It can even be necessary to include additional point-of-use SPDs if this equipment is located some distance from the supplying panel. A cascaded approach is recommended by the IEEE and this type of approach will provide the most effective surge protection throughout a facility. For more information on where to apply SPDs, select the type of environment you\u2019re interested in: industrial, commercial, or residential.\r\n\r\nWhy do I need an SPD when I already have an isolation transformer?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIsolation transformers provide very good common mode rejection but do not provide good differential (normal) mode rejection. In other words, a surge superimposed equally on both the line (L) and neutral (N) conductors will see rejection by the isolation transformer, while a surge appearing differentially between the L and N conductors will pass through the transformer. Also, keep in mind the majority of transients are being generated by the loads within the facility, on the load side of these transformers. To minimize the effects of these internally generated transients from one piece of equipment to another an SPD should be placed."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}