{"id":2231,"date":"2025-10-31T09:43:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T01:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=2231"},"modified":"2025-11-03T16:21:24","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T08:21:24","slug":"types-of-industrial-surge-protection-devices-and-graded-protection-strategies","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/blog\/types-of-industrial-surge-protection-devices-and-graded-protection-strategies\/","title":{"rendered":"Types de dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions industrielles et strat\u00e9gies de protection gradu\u00e9es"},"content":{"rendered":"
Cet article pr\u00e9sentera syst\u00e9matiquement les types, les m\u00e9thodes de classification et comment construire un syst\u00e8me de protection gradu\u00e9 efficace pour parafoudres industriels (SPD)<\/strong><\/a>.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Classification par principe technique et capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9charge<\/h2>\r\n
Il s'agit de la m\u00e9thode de classification de base des SPD, qui d\u00e9termine directement leurs sc\u00e9narios d'application et leurs niveaux de protection, et est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement bas\u00e9e sur des normes internationales telles que la CEI 61643.<\/div>\r\n\"Dispositif<\/a>\r\n

Type 1 (Type 1\/T1)\u00a0: D\u00e9charge d'\u00e9nergie<\/h3>\r\n
Principe technique\u00a0: <\/strong>Dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions de type 1<\/a> utilise g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement un \u00e9clateur comme composant principal. Sa principale caract\u00e9ristique est sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e de d\u00e9charge de courant de pointe.<\/div>\r\n
Capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9charge\u00a0: <\/strong>Capable de r\u00e9sister et de lib\u00e9rer des coups de foudre directs ou un courant de foudre partiel (simulant une forme d'onde de 10\/350 \u00b5s)\u00a0; les courants de test peuvent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement atteindre des dizaines de kiloamp\u00e8res.<\/div>\r\n
Sc\u00e9narios d'application\u00a0: <\/strong>Primarily installed at the entrance of the building's main distribution cabinet (MDB) as a primary protection device to release lightning current from external lines (e.g., power lines).<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n\"Dispositif<\/a>\r\n

Type 2 (Type 2\/T2)\u00a0: Limiteur de tension<\/h3>\r\n
Principe technique\u00a0: Le composant principal est une varistance (MOV). Sous tension normale, le MOV pr\u00e9sente une r\u00e9sistance \u00e9lev\u00e9e\u00a0; lorsqu'une surtension se produit, sa r\u00e9sistance chute brusquement, contournant le courant et maintenant la tension \u00e0 un niveau s\u00fbr.<\/div>\r\n
Capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9charge\u00a0: Dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions de type 2<\/a> Utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9charger les coups de foudre induits et les surtensions op\u00e9rationnelles (simulant une forme d'onde de 8\/20 \u00b5s), avec une capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9charge allant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de plusieurs milliers \u00e0 des dizaines de milliers d'amp\u00e8res.<\/div>\r\n
Sc\u00e9narios d'application\u00a0: install\u00e9 en aval de l'armoire de distribution principale dans l'armoire de distribution (panneau de distribution, SDB) ou avant l'armoire de commande des \u00e9quipements importants, servant de protection secondaire pour assurer la protection de la plupart des \u00e9quipements \u00e9lectriques.<\/div>\r\n\"Protecteur<\/a>\r\n

Type 3 (Type 3\/T3) : Protection avanc\u00e9e<\/h3>\r\n
Principe technique\u00a0: utilise g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des MOV, des tubes \u00e0 d\u00e9charge \u00e0 gaz ou des diodes TVS plus fins, ce qui entra\u00eene une r\u00e9ponse extr\u00eamement rapide et une tension r\u00e9siduelle plus faible (niveau de protection).<\/div>\r\n
Capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9charge\u00a0: La capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9charge est relativement petite, principalement utilis\u00e9e pour supprimer davantage la surtension r\u00e9siduelle.<\/div>\r\n
Sc\u00e9narios d'application\u00a0: Dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions de type 3<\/a> installed very close to the protected equipment, such as in the equipment's socket or socket board, for fine protection. It usually needs to be used in conjunction with a Type 2 SPD and cannot be installed alone.<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n\"Dispositif<\/a>\r\n

Vitesse combin\u00e9e (Type 1+2)\u00a0: Solution int\u00e9gr\u00e9e<\/h3>\r\n
Principe technique\u00a0: Cet appareil int\u00e8gre un \u00e9clateur de type 1 et une varistance de type 2, offrant les avantages d'une capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9charge \u00e9lev\u00e9e et d'un faible niveau de protection.<\/div>\r\n
Sc\u00e9narios d'application\u00a0: Dispositifs combin\u00e9s de protection contre les surtensions SPD (Type 1+2)<\/a> adapt\u00e9 aux applications avec un espace limit\u00e9 ou n\u00e9cessitant une conception simplifi\u00e9e. Il peut \u00eatre install\u00e9 directement dans l'armoire de distribution principale \u00e0 l'entr\u00e9e du b\u00e2timent, offrant une protection combin\u00e9e du premier et du deuxi\u00e8me niveau.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Classification \u00e9tendue des dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions industrielles<\/h2>\r\n
En plus des types de technologies de base, les SPD industriels peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre class\u00e9s selon d'autres dimensions.<\/div>\r\n

Classification par type de source d'alimentation<\/h3>\r\n
Alimentation CA SPD\u00a0: utilis\u00e9 pour prot\u00e9ger les syst\u00e8mes d'alimentation CA, tels que les r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques industriels 380\u00a0V\/220\u00a0V.<\/div>\r\n
Alimentation CC SPD\u00a0: utilis\u00e9 pour prot\u00e9ger les syst\u00e8mes d'alimentation CC, tels que les syst\u00e8mes de production d'\u00e9nergie photovolta\u00efque, les entra\u00eenements de moteur CC et les alimentations des stations de base de communication.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

SPD d'alimentation CA VS SPD d'alimentation CC<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Fonctionnalit\u00e9<\/th>\r\nSPD d'alimentation CA<\/th>\r\nSPD d'alimentation CC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
Demande principale<\/strong><\/td>\r\nPanneaux \u00e9lectriques principaux, sous-panneaux, circuits de d\u00e9rivation dans les maisons, les bureaux et les installations industrielles.<\/td>\r\nPanneaux solaires photovolta\u00efques, syst\u00e8mes de stockage par batterie, stations de recharge pour v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques, t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, automobile, marine et transports publics.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Tension du syst\u00e8me<\/strong><\/td>\r\nSuit les tensions CA standard (par exemple, 120 V, 230 V, 400 V, 480 V).<\/td>\r\nTr\u00e8s variable (par exemple, 12\u00a0V, 24\u00a0V, 48\u00a0V pour les batteries\u00a0; 600\u00a0V \u00e0 1\u00a0500\u00a0V pour les cha\u00eenes solaires).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Comportement actuel<\/strong><\/td>\r\nCourant alternatif.<\/strong>\u00a0La tension passe par z\u00e9ro 100 ou 120 fois par seconde. Cela aide\u00a0\u00e9teindre un arc \u00e9lectrique<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\nCourant continu.<\/strong>\u00a0La tension est constante et ne d\u00e9passe pas z\u00e9ro. Cela fait\u00a0arc beaucoup plus soutenu et dangereux<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
D\u00e9fi de conception cl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\r\nGestion des surtensions transitoires. Le passage par z\u00e9ro du courant alternatif aide naturellement \u00e0 interrompre le courant de suivi.<\/td>\r\nSuppression des arcs.<\/strong>\u00a0The primary challenge is to safely quench the \"follow current\" from the DC source after a surge event without the SPD catching fire.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Technologie et composants internes<\/strong><\/td>\r\nUtilise principalement\u00a0Varistors \u00e0 oxyde m\u00e9tallique (MOV)<\/strong>\u00a0et parfois des tubes \u00e0 d\u00e9charge gazeuse (GDT). Les conceptions sont relativement simples.<\/td>\r\nUtilise plus robuste\u00a0MOV<\/strong>\u00a0avec chambres\/remplisseurs sp\u00e9ciaux d'extinction d'arc. Un recours plus important \u00e0\u00a0GDT<\/strong>\u00a0sp\u00e9cialement con\u00e7u pour le courant continu, qui peut g\u00e9rer en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 la tension continue continue sans fuite.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Tension nominale (Uc)<\/strong><\/td>\r\nCon\u00e7u pour un fonctionnement continu \u00e0 des tensions AC RMS standard (par exemple, 275 V, 320 V, 440 V).<\/td>\r\nCon\u00e7u pour un fonctionnement continu \u00e0 la tension sp\u00e9cifique du syst\u00e8me CC (par exemple, 1 000 V CC, 1 500 V CC).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
D\u00e9connexion et s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\r\nComprend souvent des sectionneurs thermiques pour faire tomber en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 un MOV qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9grad\u00e9 par de nombreuses surtensions.<\/td>\r\nCritique et plus robuste.<\/strong>\u00a0N\u00e9cessite des m\u00e9canismes de d\u00e9faillance avanc\u00e9s pour d\u00e9connecter physiquement le SPD de la source CC de mani\u00e8re s\u00e9curis\u00e9e, car un arc CC soutenu constitue un risque d'incendie majeur.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Normes de certification<\/strong><\/td>\r\nUL 1449 (Am\u00e9rique du Nord), CEI 61643-11 (International).<\/td>\r\nUL 1449 (pour les applications CC sp\u00e9cifiques), CEI 61643-11, UL 497B et normes sp\u00e9cifiques aux syst\u00e8mes photovolta\u00efques comme CEI 62548.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n \r\n

Classification par type de signal<\/h3>\r\n
Les environnements industriels contiennent non seulement des lignes \u00e9lectriques mais \u00e9galement de nombreuses lignes de signaux et de contr\u00f4le. Les SPD de signal sont sp\u00e9cialement con\u00e7us pour prot\u00e9ger ces lignes basse tension, telles que\u00a0:<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf SPD r\u00e9seau\/Ethernet<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf SPD du port s\u00e9rie RS-232\/485\/422<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf SPD E\/S analogique\/num\u00e9rique<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf C\u00e2ble coaxial SPD (utilis\u00e9 pour la vid\u00e9osurveillance, les antennes, etc.)<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Classification par structure de montage<\/h3>\r\n

Dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions enfichables<\/h4>\r\n
Il ressemble \u00e0 un adaptateur et se branche directement sur une prise murale. Il est principalement utilis\u00e9 pour prot\u00e9ger un seul appareil et appartient au type 3.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions modulaires<\/h4>\r\n
La conception modulaire standard lui permet d'\u00eatre mont\u00e9 sur un rail DIN dans une armoire de distribution, tout comme un disjoncteur. Il s'agit de la forme la plus courante dans les applications industrielles, facilitant l'installation, le remplacement et la surveillance de l'\u00e9tat (via des contacts de signalisation \u00e0 distance). Les types 1 et 2 sont pour la plupart de ce type.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions de type bo\u00eete<\/h4>\r\n
Les modules SPD, les fusibles ou les disjoncteurs sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans un seul bo\u00eetier de protection, couramment utilis\u00e9 dans les bo\u00eetiers d'\u00e9quipement ext\u00e9rieur ou sur le terrain.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Comment cr\u00e9er un syst\u00e8me de protection \u00e0 plusieurs niveaux (par \u00e9tapes)\u00a0?<\/h2>\r\n
Un seul SPD ne peut pas fournir une protection parfaite, une strat\u00e9gie de protection \u00e0 plusieurs niveaux (ou par \u00e9tapes) est donc n\u00e9cessaire.<\/div>\r\n

Principe de protection \u00e0 plusieurs niveaux<\/h4>\r\n
The core concept of graded protection is \"step-by-step discharge and layer-by-layer clamping.\"<\/div>\r\n
Niveau 1 (Type 1\/Type 1+2)\u00a0: Au niveau de la ligne d'arriv\u00e9e principale, il absorbe et d\u00e9charge la grande majorit\u00e9 de l'\u00e9nergie de surtension massive, limitant les surtensions de plusieurs kilovolts \u00e0 un niveau inf\u00e9rieur (par exemple, 1\u00a0500-2\u00a0500 V).<\/div>\r\n
Niveau 2 (Type 2)\u00a0: Au niveau du panneau de distribution, il d\u00e9charge davantage les surtensions r\u00e9siduelles qui ont p\u00e9n\u00e9tr\u00e9 le niveau 1 et fixe la tension \u00e0 un niveau plus s\u00fbr (par exemple, 1 000-1 500 V).<\/div>\r\n
Niveau 3 (Type 3) : \u00e0 l'avant de l'\u00e9quipement, il assure la suppression finale des surtensions r\u00e9siduelles mineures, offrant la tension r\u00e9siduelle la plus basse possible (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 1 000 V), garantissant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 absolue des ports des \u00e9quipements de pr\u00e9cision.<\/div>\r\n
Une certaine distance de ligne (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement recommand\u00e9e sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 10 m\u00e8tres) doit \u00eatre maintenue entre chaque niveau de SPD afin d'utiliser l'imp\u00e9dance de ligne pour la coordination de l'\u00e9nergie. Si la distance est insuffisante, des composants de d\u00e9couplage (tels que des inductances de d\u00e9couplage d\u00e9di\u00e9es ou des fusibles\/disjoncteurs appropri\u00e9s) sont n\u00e9cessaires pour garantir que chaque niveau de SPD fonctionne dans une s\u00e9quence coordonn\u00e9e.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Exemple de configuration Spd dans des sc\u00e9narios industriels typiques<\/h4>\r\n
Sc\u00e9nario\u00a0: Centre de contr\u00f4le de ligne de production automatis\u00e9e<\/div>\r\n
Salle de distribution principale (MDB)\u00a0: installez des SPD de type 1+2 pour prot\u00e9ger l'entr\u00e9e d'alimentation \u00e9lectrique de l'ensemble du b\u00e2timent.<\/div>\r\n
Armoire de commande de ligne de production (SDB)\u00a0: installez des SPD de type 2 pour prot\u00e9ger l'alimentation \u00e9lectrique des unit\u00e9s de contr\u00f4le principales telles que les automates et les convertisseurs de fr\u00e9quence.<\/div>\r\n
Avant du module d'E\/S API\u00a0: installez des SPD de signal sur les lignes de signal de commande (par exemple, 24 V CC).<\/div>\r\n
Poste de travail d'ing\u00e9nieur\u00a0: utilisez des cartes de socket SPD de type 3 sur les sockets pour prot\u00e9ger l'ordinateur et le programmateur.<\/div>\r\n
Switch r\u00e9seau d'atelier\u00a0: installez des SPD Ethernet sur les ports r\u00e9seau.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

FAQ<\/h2>\r\n
Comment s\u00e9lectionner le type de SPD appropri\u00e9 en fonction des conditions du site\u00a0?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
\u00c9tape 1 : D\u00e9terminez l\u2019emplacement d\u2019installation. S\u00e9lectionnez T1 ou T1+2 pour l'armoire de ligne entrante principale\u00a0; T2 pour l'armoire de distribution ; et T3 pour l'avant de l'\u00e9quipement.<\/div>\r\n
\u00c9tape 2\u00a0: V\u00e9rifiez les param\u00e8tres cl\u00e9s. La tension de fonctionnement continue maximale (Uc) doit \u00eatre sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la tension la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e pouvant survenir sur le r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique local\u00a0; le courant de d\u00e9charge nominal (In) et le courant de d\u00e9charge maximal (Imax) doivent r\u00e9pondre aux exigences du niveau de protection contre la foudre (LPL) du point d'installation\u00a0; le niveau de protection contre la tension (Up) doit \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la valeur de tension de tenue de l'\u00e9quipement prot\u00e9g\u00e9.<\/div>\r\n
\u00c9tape 3\u00a0: Tenez compte d'autres facteurs, tels que le syst\u00e8me d'alimentation (AC\/DC), la m\u00e9thode d'installation (modulaire\/type bo\u00eetier), l'indication d'\u00e9tat et les exigences en mati\u00e8re de fonction de signalisation \u00e0 distance.<\/div>\r\n \r\n
Inspection et maintenance quotidiennes des SPD industriels<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Inspection visuelle r\u00e9guli\u00e8re\u00a0: v\u00e9rifiez que le SPD ne pr\u00e9sente aucun dommage physique, tel que des fissures ou des marques de br\u00fblure.<\/div>\r\n
Observez l'indicateur d'\u00e9tat\u00a0: la plupart des SPD ont un indicateur de fen\u00eatre \u00e0 code couleur (vert\/rouge). Le vert indique un fonctionnement normal et le rouge indique une panne n\u00e9cessitant un remplacement imm\u00e9diat.<\/div>\r\n
Tenez un journal de maintenance\u00a0: enregistrez la date d'installation, la date de l'inspection initiale et les d\u00e9tails de l'inspection ult\u00e9rieure. M\u00eame dans des conditions normales, les SPD ont une dur\u00e9e de vie limit\u00e9e ; il est recommand\u00e9 de les inspecter ou de les remplacer p\u00e9riodiquement (par exemple tous les 3 \u00e0 5 ans) ou apr\u00e8s une surtension majeure.<\/div>\r\n
Tests professionnels\u00a0: utilisez des instruments sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s pour mesurer le courant de fuite de la varistance et \u00e9valuer la d\u00e9gradation des performances.<\/div>\r\n \r\n
Les dispositifs de protection contre les surtensions peuvent-ils emp\u00eacher le d\u00e9clenchement des disjoncteurs\u00a0?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
La fonction principale d'un SPD est d'emp\u00eacher l'\u00e9quipement d'\u00eatre endommag\u00e9 par une surtension, et non d'emp\u00eacher le d\u00e9clenchement des disjoncteurs.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\r\n
En comprenant les principes techniques et les sc\u00e9narios d'application des diff\u00e9rents types de dispositifs industriels de protection contre les surtensions (SPD) (t1, t2, t3), et en les combinant avec une protection compl\u00e8te des lignes \u00e9lectriques et de signaux, nous pouvons construire un syst\u00e8me de protection hi\u00e9rarchique (\u00e9tape par \u00e9tape) efficace.<\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":1601,"parent":0,"menu_order":107,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[9],"class_list":["post-2231","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-industry-news"],"acf":{"des":"This article provides a detailed analysis of the Type 1\/2\/3 industrial surge protection devices (SPD) and their technical principles, explains how to construct an effective hierarchical (step-by-step) protection strategy to ensure the safety of industrial equipment, and answers common selection and maintenance questions.","txt":"
This article will systematically introduce the types, classification methods, and how to build an effective graded protection system for industrial surge protectors (SPD)<\/strong><\/a>.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Classification By Technical Principle And Discharge Capacity<\/h2>\r\n
This is the core classification method for SPD, which directly determines their application scenarios and protection levels, and is usually based on international standards such as IEC 61643.<\/div>\r\n\"BR-25M<\/a>\r\n

Type 1 (Type 1\/T1): Energy Discharge<\/h3>\r\n
Technical Principle: <\/strong>Type 1 surge protection devices<\/a> typically uses a spark gap as its core component. Its main characteristic is its high surge current discharge capability.<\/div>\r\n
Discharge Capability: <\/strong>Capable of withstanding and releasing direct lightning strikes or partial lightning current (simulating a 10\/350\u00b5s waveform); test currents can typically reach tens of kiloamperes.<\/div>\r\n
Application Scenarios: <\/strong>Primarily installed at the entrance of the building's main distribution cabinet (MDB) as a primary protection device to release lightning current from external lines (e.g., power lines).<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n\"BR-20<\/a>\r\n

Type 2 (Type 2\/T2): Voltage Limiter<\/h3>\r\n
Technical Principle: The core component is a varistor (MOV). Under normal voltage, the MOV exhibits high resistance; when a surge overvoltage occurs, its resistance drops sharply, bypassing the current and clamping the voltage to a safe level.<\/div>\r\n
Discharge Capacity: Type 2 surge protection devices<\/a> Used to discharge induced lightning strikes and operational overvoltages (simulating 8\/20\u00b5s waveform), with a discharge capacity typically ranging from several thousand to tens of thousands of amperes.<\/div>\r\n
Application Scenarios: Installed downstream of the main distribution cabinet in the distribution cabinet (distribution panel, SDB) or before the control cabinet of important equipment, serving as secondary protection to provide protection for most electrical equipment.<\/div>\r\n\"BR-230<\/a>\r\n

Type 3 (Type 3\/T3): Advanced Protection<\/h3>\r\n
Technical Principle: Typically employs finer MOVs, gas discharge tubes, or TVS diodes, resulting in extremely fast response and lower residual voltage (protection level).<\/div>\r\n
Discharge Capacity: The discharge capacity is relatively small, primarily used to further suppress residual surge voltage.<\/div>\r\n
Application Scenarios: Type 3 surge protection devices<\/a> installed very close to the protected equipment, such as in the equipment's socket or socket board, for fine protection. It usually needs to be used in conjunction with a Type 2 SPD and cannot be installed alone.<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n\"BR-12.5M<\/a>\r\n

Combined Spd (Type 1+2): Integrated Solution<\/h3>\r\n
Technical Principle: This device integrates a Type 1 spark gap and a Type 2 varistor, offering the advantages of high discharge capability and low protection level.<\/div>\r\n
Application Scenarios: Combined SPD (Type 1+2) surge protection devices<\/a> suitable for applications with limited space or requiring simplified design. It can be directly installed in the main distribution cabinet at the building entrance, providing combined first- and second-level protection.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Extended Classification Of Industrial Surge Protection Devices<\/h2>\r\n
In addition to core technology types, industrial SPDs can also be classified according to other dimensions.<\/div>\r\n

Classification By Power Source Type<\/h3>\r\n
AC power supply SPD: Used to protect AC power supply systems, such as 380V\/220V industrial power grids.<\/div>\r\n
DC power supply SPD: Used to protect DC power supply systems, such as photovoltaic power generation systems, DC motor drives, and communication base station power supplies.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

AC Power SPD VS Dc Power SPD<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Feature<\/th>\r\nAC Power SPD<\/th>\r\nDC Power SPD<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
Primary Application<\/strong><\/td>\r\nMain electrical panels, sub-panels, branch circuits in homes, offices, and industrial facilities.<\/td>\r\nSolar PV arrays, battery storage systems, EV charging stations, telecommunications, automotive, marine, and public transport.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
System Voltage<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFollows standard AC voltages (e.g., 120V, 230V, 400V, 480V).<\/td>\r\nHighly variable (e.g., 12V, 24V, 48V for batteries; 600V to 1500V for solar strings).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Current Behavior<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAlternating Current.<\/strong>\u00a0The voltage crosses zero 100 or 120 times per second. This helps\u00a0extinguish an electrical arc<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\nDirect Current.<\/strong>\u00a0The voltage is constant and does not cross zero. This makes\u00a0arcing much more sustained and dangerous<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Key Design Challenge<\/strong><\/td>\r\nManaging transient overvoltages. The zero-crossing of AC naturally helps interrupt follow current.<\/td>\r\nArc Suppression.<\/strong>\u00a0The primary challenge is to safely quench the \"follow current\" from the DC source after a surge event without the SPD catching fire.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Internal Technology & Components<\/strong><\/td>\r\nPrimarily uses\u00a0Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs)<\/strong>\u00a0and sometimes Gas Discharge Tubes (GDTs). Designs are relatively straightforward.<\/td>\r\nUses more robust\u00a0MOVs<\/strong>\u00a0with special arc-quenching chambers\/fillers. Heavier reliance on\u00a0GDTs<\/strong>\u00a0specifically designed for DC, which can safely handle the continuous DC voltage without leaking.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Voltage Rating (Uc)<\/strong><\/td>\r\nRated for continuous operation at standard AC RMS voltages (e.g., 275V, 320V, 440V).<\/td>\r\nRated for continuous operation at the specific DC system voltage (e.g., 1000V DC, 1500V DC).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Disconnection & Safety<\/strong><\/td>\r\nOften includes thermal disconnectors to safely fail an MOV that has been degraded by many surges.<\/td>\r\nCritical and more robust.<\/strong>\u00a0Requires advanced failure mechanisms to physically disconnect the SPD from the DC source in a fail-safe manner, as a sustained DC arc is a major fire hazard.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Certification Standards<\/strong><\/td>\r\nUL 1449 (North America), IEC 61643-11 (International).<\/td>\r\nUL 1449 (for specific DC applications), IEC 61643-11, UL 497B, and specific standards for PV systems like IEC 62548.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n \r\n

Classification By Signal Type<\/h3>\r\n
Industrial environments contain not only power lines but also numerous signal and control lines. Signal SPDs are specifically designed to protect these low-voltage lines, such as:<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf Network\/Ethernet SPD<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf RS-232\/485\/422 Serial Port SPD<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf Analog\/Digital I\/O SPD<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf Coaxial Cable SPD (used for video surveillance, antennas, etc.)<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Classification By Mounting Structure<\/h3>\r\n

Plug-In Surge Protective Devices<\/h4>\r\n
It looks like an adapter and plugs directly into a wall socket. It is mainly used to protect a single device and belongs to Type 3.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Modular Surge Protective Devices<\/h4>\r\n
The standard modular design allows it to be mounted on a DIN rail in a distribution cabinet, just like a circuit breaker. This is the most common form in industrial applications, facilitating installation, replacement, and condition monitoring (via remote signaling contacts). Type 1 and Type 2 are mostly of this type.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Box-Type Surge Protective Devices<\/h4>\r\n
SPD modules, fuses, or circuit breakers are integrated into a single protective enclosure, which is commonly used in outdoor or field equipment boxes.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

How To Build A Tiered (Stepped) Protection System?<\/h2>\r\n
A single SPD cannot provide perfect protection, so a tiered (or stepped) protection strategy is required.<\/div>\r\n

Principle Of Tiered Protection<\/h4>\r\n
The core concept of graded protection is \"step-by-step discharge and layer-by-layer clamping.\"<\/div>\r\n
Level 1 (Type 1\/Type 1+2): At the main incoming line, it absorbs and discharges the vast majority of the massive surge energy, limiting overvoltages of several kilovolts to a lower level (e.g., 1500-2500V).<\/div>\r\n
Level 2 (Type 2): At the distribution panel, it further discharges residual surges that have penetrated Level 1 and clamps the voltage to a safer level (e.g., 1000-1500V).<\/div>\r\n
Level 3 (Type 3): At the front end of the equipment, it provides final suppression of minor residual surges, offering the lowest possible residual voltage (typically below 1000V), ensuring the absolute safety of precision equipment ports.<\/div>\r\n
A certain line distance (generally recommended to be more than 10 meters) needs to be maintained between each level of SPD to utilize line impedance for energy coordination. If the distance is insufficient, decoupling components (such as dedicated decoupling inductors or appropriate fuses\/circuit breakers) are required to ensure that each level of SPD operates in a coordinated sequence.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Example Of Spd Configuration In Typical Industrial Scenarios<\/h4>\r\n
Scenario: Automated Production Line Control Center<\/div>\r\n
Main Distribution Room (MDB): Install Type 1+2 SPDs to protect the power input to the entire building.<\/div>\r\n
Production Line Control Cabinet (SDB): Install Type 2 SPDs to protect the power supply to core control units such as PLCs and frequency converters.<\/div>\r\n
PLC I\/O Module Front: Install signal SPDs on control signal lines (e.g., 24V DC).<\/div>\r\n
Engineer Workstation: Use Type 3 SPD socket boards on the sockets to protect the computer and programmer.<\/div>\r\n
Workshop Network Switch: Install Ethernet SPDs on the network ports.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

FAQ<\/h2>\r\n
How To Select The Appropriate SPD Type Based On Site Conditions?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Step 1: Determine the installation location. Select T1 or T1+2 for the main incoming line cabinet; T2 for the distribution cabinet; and T3 for the equipment front end.<\/div>\r\n
Step 2: Check key parameters. The maximum continuous operating voltage (Uc) must be greater than the highest voltage that may occur in the local power grid; the nominal discharge current (In) and maximum discharge current (Imax) must meet the lightning protection level (LPL) requirements of the installation point; the voltage protection level (Up) should be lower than the withstand voltage value of the protected equipment.<\/div>\r\n
Step 3: Consider other factors, such as the power supply system (AC\/DC), installation method (modular\/box-type), status indication, and remote signaling function requirements.<\/div>\r\n \r\n
Daily Inspection And Maintenance Of Industrial SPD<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Regular visual inspection: Check the SPD for physical damage, such as cracks or burn marks.<\/div>\r\n
Observe the status indicator: Most SPDs have a color-coded window (green\/red) indicator. Green indicates normal operation, and red indicates failure, requiring immediate replacement.<\/div>\r\n
Keep a maintenance log: Record the installation date, initial inspection date, and subsequent inspection details. Even when in normal condition, SPDs have a limited lifespan; it is recommended to inspect or replace them periodically (e.g., every 3-5 years) or after a major surge event.<\/div>\r\n
Professional testing: Use specialized instruments to measure the leakage current of the varistor and assess for performance degradation.<\/div>\r\n \r\n
Can Surge Protection Devices Prevent Circuit Breakers From Tripping?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
The primary function of an SPD is to prevent equipment from being damaged by overvoltage, not to prevent circuit breakers from tripping.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\r\n
Understanding the technical principles and application scenarios of different types of industrial surge protection devices (SPD) (t1, t2, t3), and combining them with comprehensive protection of power and signal lines, we can build an effective hierarchical (step-by-step) protection system.<\/div>"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/2231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=2231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}