{"id":2176,"date":"2025-08-26T10:11:09","date_gmt":"2025-08-26T02:11:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=2176"},"modified":"2025-08-26T10:16:08","modified_gmt":"2025-08-26T02:16:08","slug":"how-to-choose-single-phase-surge-protection-device","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/blog\/how-to-choose-single-phase-surge-protection-device\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment choisir un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions monophas\u00e9\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"492\">Introduction<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"493\" data-end=\"937\">Les surtensions sont l\u2019une des menaces les plus sous-estim\u00e9es dans les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9lectriques. Une surtension soudaine, qu'elle soit provoqu\u00e9e par la foudre, une commutation du r\u00e9seau ou m\u00eame un \u00e9quipement interne, peut d\u00e9grader l'isolation, d\u00e9clencher des disjoncteurs ou d\u00e9truire des appareils sensibles en un instant. Un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions (SPD) monophas\u00e9 constitue la premi\u00e8re ligne de d\u00e9fense. Il d\u00e9tourne l'\u00e9nergie exc\u00e9dentaire vers la terre et garantit que la tension atteignant votre \u00e9quipement reste dans des limites s\u00fbres.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"939\" data-end=\"1244\">Pour les ing\u00e9nieurs \u00e9lectriciens et les sp\u00e9cialistes des achats, le d\u00e9fi n'est pas de savoir s'il faut utiliser un SPD monophas\u00e9, mais de savoir comment choisir le bon. Ce guide propose une approche claire, technique et pratique qui combine les normes internationales, les meilleures pratiques d'ing\u00e9nierie et l'exp\u00e9rience du monde r\u00e9el.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"1251\" data-end=\"1304\">Qu'est-ce qu'un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions monophas\u00e9\u00a0?<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"1305\" data-end=\"1604\">Un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions monophas\u00e9 est install\u00e9 dans les syst\u00e8mes CA monophas\u00e9s 230\/240 V pour se pr\u00e9munir contre les surtensions transitoires. Il fonctionne en restant passif sous tension normale, mais d\u00e8s qu'une surtension se produit, il devient un chemin \u00e0 faible imp\u00e9dance et redirige le courant de surtension vers la terre.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1905\">Les dispositifs de protection monophas\u00e9s sont largement utilis\u00e9s dans les tableaux de distribution r\u00e9sidentiels, les b\u00e2timents commerciaux, les syst\u00e8mes solaires photovolta\u00efques et les panneaux de commande industriels. Dans chaque cas, ils prolongent la dur\u00e9e de vie des \u00e9quipements, r\u00e9duisent les temps d'arr\u00eat et assurent le respect des exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 modernes.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1905\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/blog\/how-to-choose-single-phase-surge-protection-device\/attachment\/br-20-4p-1type-2-surge-protection-device-jpg-3\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2177\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-2177\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BR-20-4P-1Type-2-Surge-Protection-Device.jpg-2-1024x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"914\" height=\"914\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"1912\" data-end=\"1954\">Normes CEI et classification SPD<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"1955\" data-end=\"2192\">Le choix d'un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions monophas\u00e9 doit \u00eatre align\u00e9 sur les normes internationales, principalement <a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/5682\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"2071\" data-end=\"2087\">CEI 61643-11<\/strong><\/a> et <a href=\"http:\/\/IEC 61643-11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"2092\" data-end=\"2108\">CEI 61643-12<\/strong><\/a>. Ceux-ci d\u00e9finissent les formes d'onde de test, la classification et les directives d'installation\u00a0:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"2194\" data-end=\"2680\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2194\" data-end=\"2394\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2196\" data-end=\"2394\"><strong data-start=\"2196\" data-end=\"2210\">SPD de type 1<\/strong>: Test\u00e9 avec une forme d'onde de 10\/350 \u00b5s, con\u00e7u pour r\u00e9sister aux courants de foudre continus. Install\u00e9 \u00e0 l'entr\u00e9e de service o\u00f9 sont pr\u00e9sents des lignes a\u00e9riennes ou des syst\u00e8mes de protection contre la foudre.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2395\" data-end=\"2546\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2397\" data-end=\"2546\"><strong data-start=\"2397\" data-end=\"2411\">Parafoudre de type 2<\/strong>: Test\u00e9 avec une forme d'onde de 8\/20 \u00b5s, prot\u00e8ge contre les surtensions de commutation et la foudre indirecte. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement install\u00e9 dans les panneaux de distribution.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2547\" data-end=\"2680\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2549\" data-end=\"2680\"><strong data-start=\"2549\" data-end=\"2563\">SPD de type 3<\/strong>: Install\u00e9 \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de charges sensibles, assure une tr\u00e8s faible tension r\u00e9siduelle (Up). Utilis\u00e9 comme derni\u00e8re \u00e9tape de protection.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"2682\" data-end=\"2841\">Si vous souhaitez approfondir la classification d\u00e9taill\u00e9e des SPD et la fa\u00e7on dont chaque type est d\u00e9fini dans les normes et les applications pratiques, vous pouvez explorer notre article d\u00e9di\u00e9 ici\u00a0: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; font-size: 20px;\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/blog\/classification-of-spds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1295\"><em><strong>Classification des SPD<\/strong><\/em><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"2848\" data-end=\"2880\">Param\u00e8tres cl\u00e9s \u00e0 prendre en compte<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"2881\" data-end=\"2984\">Lors de la comparaison de diff\u00e9rents SPD monophas\u00e9s, plusieurs param\u00e8tres sont essentiels pour une s\u00e9lection appropri\u00e9e\u00a0:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"2986\" data-end=\"3881\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2986\" data-end=\"3181\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2988\" data-end=\"3181\"><strong data-start=\"2988\" data-end=\"3033\">Uc (tension de fonctionnement continue maximale)<\/strong>: La tension efficace maximale que l'appareil peut g\u00e9rer sans d\u00e9gradation. Pour les syst\u00e8mes 230\/240 V, la valeur standard est de 275 V CA entre la ligne et le neutre.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3182\" data-end=\"3307\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3184\" data-end=\"3307\"><strong data-start=\"3184\" data-end=\"3217\">Haut (niveau de protection contre la tension)<\/strong>: La tension bloqu\u00e9e lors d'une surtension. Les composants \u00e9lectroniques sensibles n\u00e9cessitent une tension inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 1,5\u20132,5 kV.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3308\" data-end=\"3473\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3310\" data-end=\"3473\"><strong data-start=\"3310\" data-end=\"3344\">In (courant de d\u00e9charge nominal)<\/strong>: Le courant que le SPD peut d\u00e9charger \u00e0 plusieurs reprises sans panne. Un bon SPD monophas\u00e9 doit g\u00e9rer au moins 20 kA (8\/20 \u00b5s).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3474\" data-end=\"3601\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3476\" data-end=\"3601\"><strong data-start=\"3476\" data-end=\"3512\">Imax (courant de d\u00e9charge maximal)<\/strong>: Le courant maximum que le SPD peut supporter en un seul \u00e9v\u00e9nement, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement 40 kA ou plus.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3602\" data-end=\"3759\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3604\" data-end=\"3759\"><strong data-start=\"3604\" data-end=\"3630\">Iimp (courant d'impulsion)<\/strong>: Sp\u00e9cifique aux SPD de type 1, test\u00e9s avec une forme d'onde de 10\/350 \u00b5s. Les valeurs commencent \u00e0 12,5 kA, 25 kA \u00e9tant recommand\u00e9s dans les zones \u00e0 haut risque.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3760\" data-end=\"3881\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3762\" data-end=\"3881\"><strong data-start=\"3762\" data-end=\"3779\">Temps de r\u00e9ponse<\/strong>: Les SPD agissent en nanosecondes. Plus la r\u00e9action est rapide, meilleure est la protection des appareils \u00e9lectroniques sensibles.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"3883\" data-end=\"4010\">Ces param\u00e8tres doivent toujours correspondre au niveau d\u2019exposition du syst\u00e8me, au type de mise \u00e0 la terre et \u00e0 la cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019isolation de l\u2019\u00e9quipement.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"4017\" data-end=\"4064\">Configurations de mise \u00e0 la terre et de c\u00e2blage du syst\u00e8me<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"4065\" data-end=\"4202\">Le type de mise \u00e0 la terre est souvent n\u00e9glig\u00e9, mais il constitue l'un des facteurs les plus d\u00e9cisifs lors du choix d'un dispositif de protection contre les surtensions monophas\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"4204\" data-end=\"4774\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4204\" data-end=\"4497\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4206\" data-end=\"4497\"><strong data-start=\"4206\" data-end=\"4220\">Syst\u00e8mes TT<\/strong>: N\u00e9cessite un SPD 1P+N (\u00e9galement appel\u00e9 1+1). Cette configuration utilise une protection MOV entre la ligne et le neutre, plus un \u00e9clateur ou un \u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u00e9di\u00e9 entre le neutre et le PE. Il assure une d\u00e9charge contr\u00f4l\u00e9e vers la terre, ce qui est vital en TT o\u00f9 le potentiel neutre peut augmenter lors de d\u00e9fauts.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4498\" data-end=\"4670\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4500\" data-end=\"4670\"><strong data-start=\"4500\" data-end=\"4526\">Syst\u00e8mes TN-S ou TN-C-S<\/strong>: Peut utiliser 1P ou 1P+N selon la conception du tableau de distribution. Les chemins ligne-neutre et ligne-terre doivent \u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4671\" data-end=\"4774\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4673\" data-end=\"4774\"><strong data-start=\"4673\" data-end=\"4689\">Syst\u00e8mes TN-C<\/strong>: Appliquez g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des SPD 1P ou 2P selon que le conducteur PEN est accessible.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"4776\" data-end=\"5017\">Pour tous les syst\u00e8mes, les r\u00e8gles de c\u00e2blage restent les m\u00eames : maintenir la connexion du SPD \u00e0 la terre la plus courte possible, id\u00e9alement inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 0,5 m. Les c\u00e2bles longs augmentent l'inductance et augmentent donc la tension r\u00e9siduelle que verra l'appareil prot\u00e9g\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"5024\" data-end=\"5058\">Guide de s\u00e9lection \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5255\">C\u2019est le c\u0153ur du processus de prise de d\u00e9cision. De nombreux ing\u00e9nieurs et acheteurs recherchent sp\u00e9cifiquement comment choisir un SPD monophas\u00e9. Cette section fournit donc une feuille de route d\u00e9taill\u00e9e et pratique\u00a0:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"5257\" data-end=\"5559\"><strong data-start=\"5257\" data-end=\"5295\">\u00c9tape 1\u00a0: \u00c9valuer le risque et l\u2019exposition<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"5257\" data-end=\"5559\">D\u00e9terminez si le b\u00e2timent dispose d\u2019un syst\u00e8me externe de protection contre la foudre (LPS) ou s\u2019il est aliment\u00e9 par des lignes a\u00e9riennes. Si oui, un SPD de type 1 \u00e0 l'entr\u00e9e de service est obligatoire. Pour les approvisionnements souterrains dans les zones \u00e0 faible risque, un type 2 de grande capacit\u00e9 peut suffire.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"5561\" data-end=\"5803\"><strong data-start=\"5561\" data-end=\"5601\">\u00c9tape 2\u00a0:\u00a0Identifier le syst\u00e8me de mise \u00e0 la terre<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"5561\" data-end=\"5803\">V\u00e9rifiez si votre installation est TT, TN-S, TN-C-S ou TN-C. Cela d\u00e9termine si vous avez besoin d'un SPD 1P, d'un SPD 1P+N ou d'un SPD 2P. La s\u00e9lection d'une mauvaise configuration de c\u00e2blage peut rendre le SPD inefficace.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"5805\" data-end=\"5846\"><strong data-start=\"5805\" data-end=\"5844\">\u00c9tape 3\u00a0: D\u00e9finir l'\u00e9tape de protection<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"5847\" data-end=\"6077\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5847\" data-end=\"5908\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5849\" data-end=\"5908\">A l'entr\u00e9e de service : SPD combin\u00e9 Type 1 ou Type 1+2.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5909\" data-end=\"5978\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5911\" data-end=\"5978\">Aux tableaux de distribution : Type 2, avec In \u2265 20 kA et Imax \u2265 40 kA.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5979\" data-end=\"6077\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5981\" data-end=\"6077\">Aux charges sensibles : Type 3, pour r\u00e9duire Up en dessous de la tenue d'isolement des appareils \u00e9lectroniques.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"6079\" data-end=\"6159\"><strong data-start=\"6079\" data-end=\"6115\">\u00c9tape 4\u00a0: S\u00e9lectionnez les notes techniques<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"6079\" data-end=\"6159\">Faites correspondre les \u00e9valuations du SPD \u00e0 votre syst\u00e8me\u00a0:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"6160\" data-end=\"6369\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6160\" data-end=\"6197\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6162\" data-end=\"6197\">Uc : 275V AC pour syst\u00e8mes 230\/240V.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6198\" data-end=\"6304\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6200\" data-end=\"6304\">Up\u00a0: Doit \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la cat\u00e9gorie d'isolation de l'\u00e9quipement (IEC 60664\u00a0: Cat II \u2248 2,5 kV, Cat III \u2248 4 kV).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6305\" data-end=\"6369\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6307\" data-end=\"6369\">In\/Imax\/Iimp : Selon le niveau d'installation et la zone \u00e0 risque.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"6371\" data-end=\"6689\"><strong data-start=\"6371\" data-end=\"6415\">\u00c9tape 5\u00a0: Planifier la coordination entre les \u00e9tapes<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"6371\" data-end=\"6689\">Les SPD doivent travailler ensemble. Le dispositif en amont doit absorber l'\u00e9nergie sans faire passer de tension destructrice en aval, tandis que le SPD en aval ajuste la protection. Maintenez au moins 10 m\u00e8tres entre les appareils ou ins\u00e9rez une inductance de d\u00e9couplage pour garantir un partage d'\u00e9nergie appropri\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"6691\" data-end=\"6928\"><strong data-start=\"6691\" data-end=\"6739\">\u00c9tape 6\u00a0:\u00a0Assurer une protection ad\u00e9quate contre les surintensit\u00e9s<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"6691\" data-end=\"6928\">Chaque SPD n\u00e9cessite une protection de sauvegarde. \u00c0 moins que le SPD n'inclue un fusible int\u00e9gr\u00e9, installez un MCB ou un fusible en s\u00e9rie. Cela \u00e9vite les \u00e9v\u00e9nements de court-circuit lorsque le SPD atteint la fin de sa dur\u00e9e de vie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"6930\" data-end=\"7027\"><strong data-start=\"6930\" data-end=\"6979\">\u00c9tape 7\u00a0: Tenez compte de la dur\u00e9e de vie et de la maintenance<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"6930\" data-end=\"7027\">Les SPD se d\u00e9gradent avec le temps. Choisissez des mod\u00e8les avec :<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"7028\" data-end=\"7241\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7028\" data-end=\"7093\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7030\" data-end=\"7093\">Fen\u00eatres d\u2019indication d\u2019\u00e9tat qui affichent les conditions vertes\/rouges.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7094\" data-end=\"7162\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7096\" data-end=\"7162\">Contacts de signalisation \u00e0 distance pour la surveillance dans les syst\u00e8mes de contr\u00f4le.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7163\" data-end=\"7241\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7165\" data-end=\"7241\">Modules enfichables rempla\u00e7ables, de sorte que la maintenance ne n\u00e9cessite pas de rec\u00e2blage.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"7243\" data-end=\"7418\">Suivre ce processus \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape garantit que votre SPD monophas\u00e9 est non seulement correctement \u00e9valu\u00e9, mais \u00e9galement correctement install\u00e9 et entretenu pour une fiabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"7425\" data-end=\"7476\">Conseils d'installation pratiques et erreurs courantes<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"7478\" data-end=\"7602\">M\u00eame les meilleurs dispositifs de protection monophas\u00e9s \u00e9choueront s\u2019ils sont mal install\u00e9s. Suivez ces principes d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie\u00a0:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"7604\" data-end=\"7913\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7604\" data-end=\"7653\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7606\" data-end=\"7653\">Gardez les c\u00e2bles courts et directs, \u00e0 moins de 0,5 m.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7654\" data-end=\"7716\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7656\" data-end=\"7716\">C\u00e2bles d'alimentation et de signal s\u00e9par\u00e9s pour \u00e9viter les surtensions de couplage.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7717\" data-end=\"7769\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7719\" data-end=\"7769\">Ne regroupez pas les c\u00e2bles SPD avec des circuits prot\u00e9g\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7770\" data-end=\"7844\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7772\" data-end=\"7844\">Connectez toujours la terre du SPD \u00e0 la barre de liaison \u00e9quipotentielle la plus proche.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7845\" data-end=\"7913\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7847\" data-end=\"7913\">Respecter les distances de coordination entre les diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tapes SPD.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"7915\" data-end=\"8130\">Les erreurs courantes incluent l'installation d'un seul \u00e9tage, l'oubli de la protection N-PE dans les syst\u00e8mes TT ou le surdimensionnement des parafoudres sans en avoir r\u00e9ellement besoin. Chacun de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments r\u00e9duit l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la protection et augmente les co\u00fbts sans en tirer aucun b\u00e9n\u00e9fice.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"8137\" data-end=\"8163\">Exemples d'applications<\/h2>\r\n<ul data-start=\"8165\" data-end=\"8850\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8165\" data-end=\"8343\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8167\" data-end=\"8343\"><strong data-start=\"8167\" data-end=\"8195\">Applications r\u00e9sidentielles<\/strong>: Un SPD de type 2 (In 20 kA, Imax 40 kA, Up &lt; 1,5 kV) install\u00e9 dans le tableau de distribution principal prot\u00e8ge l&#039;\u00e9lectronique domestique des perturbations du r\u00e9seau.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8344\" data-end=\"8498\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8346\" data-end=\"8498\"><strong data-start=\"8346\" data-end=\"8370\">B\u00e2timents commerciaux<\/strong>: Un SPD Type 1+2 au niveau du tableau principal associ\u00e9 \u00e0 des SPD Type 2 au niveau des tableaux de distribution d'\u00e9tage assure la continuit\u00e9 de service.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8499\" data-end=\"8673\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8501\" data-end=\"8673\"><strong data-start=\"8501\" data-end=\"8526\">Installations industrielles<\/strong>: SPD de type 1 \u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e0 25 kA Iimp \u00e0 l'entr\u00e9e de service, avec SPD de type 2 coordonn\u00e9s dans les centres de contr\u00f4le des moteurs et SPD de type 3 prot\u00e9geant les automates.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8674\" data-end=\"8850\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8676\" data-end=\"8850\"><strong data-start=\"8676\" data-end=\"8696\">Syst\u00e8mes solaires photovolta\u00efques<\/strong>: Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 DC, utilisez des SPD photovolta\u00efques. C\u00f4t\u00e9 AC, un SPD monophas\u00e9 de type 2 \u00e0 la sortie de l'onduleur prot\u00e8ge \u00e0 la fois l'onduleur et l'interface r\u00e9seau.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2 data-start=\"8857\" data-end=\"8873\">Conclusion<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"8875\" data-end=\"9090\">Choisir le bon dispositif de protection contre les surtensions monophas\u00e9 n\u00e9cessite plus que la simple num\u00e9risation d'une fiche technique. Cela signifie comprendre votre syst\u00e8me, \u00e9valuer les risques, appliquer les normes CEI et faire correspondre soigneusement les param\u00e8tres.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"9092\" data-end=\"9348\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9092\" data-end=\"9151\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9094\" data-end=\"9151\">A l\u2019entr\u00e9e, prot\u00e9gez-vous de la foudre avec le Type 1.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9152\" data-end=\"9203\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9154\" data-end=\"9203\">En distribution, comptez sur des appareils robustes de type 2.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9204\" data-end=\"9266\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9206\" data-end=\"9266\">Pour les appareils \u00e9lectroniques sensibles, ajoutez le type 3 au point d'utilisation.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9267\" data-end=\"9348\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9269\" data-end=\"9348\">Respectez toujours votre syst\u00e8me de mise \u00e0 la terre, vos pratiques de c\u00e2blage et vos besoins de maintenance.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"9350\" data-end=\"9539\">En appliquant ces principes, les ing\u00e9nieurs \u00e9lectriciens et les professionnels des achats peuvent garantir que leurs syst\u00e8mes sont non seulement conformes, mais \u00e9galement r\u00e9silients, rentables et pr\u00eats pour l'avenir.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":2175,"parent":0,"menu_order":120,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[8],"class_list":["post-2176","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-company-news"],"acf":{"des":"This blog provides a comprehensive guide on how to choose Single-Phase Surge Protection Devices for residential, commercial, and industrial applications. It explains SPD classifications under IEC standards, technical parameters like Uc, Up, In, Imax, and Iimp, wiring configurations for TT and TN systems, and a detailed step-by-step selection process. With practical installation tips and real-world application cases, the article offers engineers and procurement specialists actionable insights to ensure reliable surge protection.","txt":"<h2 data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"492\">Introduction<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"493\" data-end=\"937\">Surges are one of the most underestimated threats in electrical systems. A sudden overvoltage, whether caused by lightning, grid switching, or even internal equipment, can degrade insulation, trip breakers, or destroy sensitive devices in an instant. A Single-Phase Surge Protection Device (SPD) is the first line of defense. It diverts excess energy to earth and ensures that the voltage reaching your equipment stays within safe limits.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"939\" data-end=\"1244\">For electrical engineers and procurement specialists, the challenge is not whether to use a single phase SPD, but how to choose the right one. This guide provides a clear, technical, and practical approach that combines international standards, engineering best practices, and real-world experience.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"1251\" data-end=\"1304\">What is a Single-Phase Surge Protection Device?<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"1305\" data-end=\"1604\">A Single-Phase Surge Protection Device is installed in 230\/240V single-phase AC systems to guard against transient overvoltages. It operates by remaining passive under normal voltage, but as soon as a surge occurs, it becomes a low-impedance path and redirects the surge current to the ground.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1905\">Single phase protection devices are widely applied in residential distribution boards, commercial buildings, solar photovoltaic systems, and industrial control panels. In each case, they extend the lifetime of equipment, reduce downtime, and provide compliance with modern safety requirements.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1905\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/blog\/how-to-choose-single-phase-surge-protection-device\/attachment\/br-20-4p-1type-2-surge-protection-device-jpg-3\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2177\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-2177\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BR-20-4P-1Type-2-Surge-Protection-Device.jpg-2-1024x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"914\" height=\"914\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"1912\" data-end=\"1954\">IEC Standards and SPD Classification<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"1955\" data-end=\"2192\">The selection of a surge protection device single phase must be aligned with international standards, primarily <a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/5682\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"2071\" data-end=\"2087\">IEC 61643-11<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/IEC 61643-11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"2092\" data-end=\"2108\">IEC 61643-12<\/strong><\/a>. These define the testing waveforms, classification, and installation guidelines:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"2194\" data-end=\"2680\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2194\" data-end=\"2394\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2196\" data-end=\"2394\"><strong data-start=\"2196\" data-end=\"2210\">Type 1 SPD<\/strong>: Tested with 10\/350 \u00b5s waveform, designed to withstand direct lightning currents. Installed at the service entrance where overhead lines or lightning protection systems are present.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2395\" data-end=\"2546\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2397\" data-end=\"2546\"><strong data-start=\"2397\" data-end=\"2411\">Type 2 SPD<\/strong>: Tested with 8\/20 \u00b5s waveform, protects against switching surges and indirect lightning. Typically installed in distribution panels.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2547\" data-end=\"2680\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2549\" data-end=\"2680\"><strong data-start=\"2549\" data-end=\"2563\">Type 3 SPD<\/strong>: Installed close to sensitive loads, ensures very low residual voltage (Up). Used as the last stage of protection.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"2682\" data-end=\"2841\">If you want a deeper dive into the detailed classification of SPDs and how each type is defined in standards and practical applications, you can explore our dedicated article here: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; font-size: 20px;\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/blog\/classification-of-spds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1295\"><em><strong>Classification of SPDs<\/strong><\/em><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"2848\" data-end=\"2880\">Key Parameters to Consider<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"2881\" data-end=\"2984\">When comparing different single phase SPDs, several parameters are critical for proper selection:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"2986\" data-end=\"3881\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2986\" data-end=\"3181\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2988\" data-end=\"3181\"><strong data-start=\"2988\" data-end=\"3033\">Uc (Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage)<\/strong>: The maximum RMS voltage the device can handle without degradation. For 230\/240V systems, the standard value is 275V AC between line and neutral.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3182\" data-end=\"3307\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3184\" data-end=\"3307\"><strong data-start=\"3184\" data-end=\"3217\">Up (Voltage Protection Level)<\/strong>: The clamped voltage during a surge. Sensitive electronics require Up below 1.5\u20132.5 kV.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3308\" data-end=\"3473\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3310\" data-end=\"3473\"><strong data-start=\"3310\" data-end=\"3344\">In (Nominal Discharge Current)<\/strong>: The current the SPD can discharge repeatedly without failure. A good single-phase SPD should handle at least 20 kA (8\/20 \u00b5s).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3474\" data-end=\"3601\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3476\" data-end=\"3601\"><strong data-start=\"3476\" data-end=\"3512\">Imax (Maximum Discharge Current)<\/strong>: The maximum current the SPD can withstand in a single event, typically 40 kA or more.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3602\" data-end=\"3759\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3604\" data-end=\"3759\"><strong data-start=\"3604\" data-end=\"3630\">Iimp (Impulse Current)<\/strong>: Specific for Type 1 SPDs, tested with 10\/350 \u00b5s waveform. Values start at 12.5 kA, with 25 kA recommended in high-risk areas.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3760\" data-end=\"3881\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3762\" data-end=\"3881\"><strong data-start=\"3762\" data-end=\"3779\">Response Time<\/strong>: SPDs act in nanoseconds. The faster the reaction, the better protection for sensitive electronics.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"3883\" data-end=\"4010\">These parameters should always be matched with the system\u2019s exposure level, earthing type, and equipment insulation category.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"4017\" data-end=\"4064\">System Earthing and Wiring Configurations<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"4065\" data-end=\"4202\">Earthing type is often overlooked, but it is one of the most decisive factors when choosing a Single-Phase Surge Protection Device.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"4204\" data-end=\"4774\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4204\" data-end=\"4497\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4206\" data-end=\"4497\"><strong data-start=\"4206\" data-end=\"4220\">TT Systems<\/strong>: Require 1P+N (also called 1+1) SPD. This configuration uses MOV protection between line and neutral, plus a spark gap or dedicated element between neutral and PE. It ensures controlled discharge to earth, which is vital in TT where neutral potential can rise during faults.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4498\" data-end=\"4670\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4500\" data-end=\"4670\"><strong data-start=\"4500\" data-end=\"4526\">TN-S or TN-C-S Systems<\/strong>: Can use either 1P or 1P+N depending on the design of the distribution board. Both line-to-neutral and line-to-earth paths must be protected.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4671\" data-end=\"4774\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4673\" data-end=\"4774\"><strong data-start=\"4673\" data-end=\"4689\">TN-C Systems<\/strong>: Usually apply 1P or 2P SPDs depending on whether the PEN conductor is accessible.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"4776\" data-end=\"5017\">For all systems, wiring rules remain the same: keep the SPD\u2019s connection to earth as short as possible, ideally less than 0.5 m. Long leads increase inductance and therefore increase the residual voltage that the protected device will see.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"5024\" data-end=\"5058\">Step-by-Step Selection Guide<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"5060\" data-end=\"5255\">This is the heart of the decision-making process. Many engineers and buyers search specifically for how to choose a single phase SPD, so this section provides a detailed, practical roadmap:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"5257\" data-end=\"5559\"><strong data-start=\"5257\" data-end=\"5295\">Step 1: Evaluate Risk and Exposure<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"5257\" data-end=\"5559\">Determine whether the building has an external lightning protection system (LPS) or is supplied by overhead lines. If yes, a Type 1 SPD at the service entrance is mandatory. For underground supplies in low-risk areas, a high-capacity Type 2 may be sufficient.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"5561\" data-end=\"5803\"><strong data-start=\"5561\" data-end=\"5601\">Step 2: Identify the Earthing System<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"5561\" data-end=\"5803\">Check whether your installation is TT, TN-S, TN-C-S, or TN-C. This determines if you need a 1P SPD, a 1P+N SPD, or a 2P SPD. Selecting the wrong wiring configuration can render the SPD ineffective.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"5805\" data-end=\"5846\"><strong data-start=\"5805\" data-end=\"5844\">Step 3: Define the Protection Stage<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"5847\" data-end=\"6077\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5847\" data-end=\"5908\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5849\" data-end=\"5908\">At the service entrance: Type 1 or Type 1+2 combined SPD.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5909\" data-end=\"5978\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5911\" data-end=\"5978\">At distribution panels: Type 2, with In \u2265 20 kA and Imax \u2265 40 kA.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5979\" data-end=\"6077\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5981\" data-end=\"6077\">At sensitive loads: Type 3, to reduce Up below the insulation withstand of electronic devices.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"6079\" data-end=\"6159\"><strong data-start=\"6079\" data-end=\"6115\">Step 4: Select Technical Ratings<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"6079\" data-end=\"6159\">Match the SPD\u2019s ratings to your system:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"6160\" data-end=\"6369\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6160\" data-end=\"6197\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6162\" data-end=\"6197\">Uc: 275V AC for 230\/240V systems.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6198\" data-end=\"6304\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6200\" data-end=\"6304\">Up: Must be lower than the equipment insulation category (IEC 60664: Cat II \u2248 2.5 kV, Cat III \u2248 4 kV).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6305\" data-end=\"6369\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6307\" data-end=\"6369\">In\/Imax\/Iimp: According to installation level and risk zone.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"6371\" data-end=\"6689\"><strong data-start=\"6371\" data-end=\"6415\">Step 5: Plan Coordination Between Stages<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"6371\" data-end=\"6689\">SPDs must work together. The upstream device must absorb energy without passing destructive voltage downstream, while the downstream SPD fine-tunes protection. Maintain at least 10 meters between devices, or insert decoupling inductance to ensure proper energy sharing.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"6691\" data-end=\"6928\"><strong data-start=\"6691\" data-end=\"6739\">Step 6: Ensure Proper Overcurrent Protection<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"6691\" data-end=\"6928\">Every SPD requires backup protection. Unless the SPD includes an integrated fuse, install an MCB or fuse in series. This prevents short-circuit events when the SPD reaches end of life.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"6930\" data-end=\"7027\"><strong data-start=\"6930\" data-end=\"6979\">Step 7: Consider Service Life and Maintenance<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"6930\" data-end=\"7027\">SPDs degrade over time. Choose models with:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"7028\" data-end=\"7241\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7028\" data-end=\"7093\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7030\" data-end=\"7093\">Status indication windows that show green\/red conditions.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7094\" data-end=\"7162\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7096\" data-end=\"7162\">Remote signaling contacts for monitoring in control systems.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7163\" data-end=\"7241\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7165\" data-end=\"7241\">Replaceable plug-in modules, so maintenance does not require rewiring.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"7243\" data-end=\"7418\">Following this step-by-step process ensures that your single phase SPD is not only correctly rated but also correctly installed and maintained for long-term reliability.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"7425\" data-end=\"7476\">Practical Installation Tips and Common Errors<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"7478\" data-end=\"7602\">Even the best single phase protection devices will fail if installed incorrectly. Follow these engineering principles:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"7604\" data-end=\"7913\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7604\" data-end=\"7653\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7606\" data-end=\"7653\">Keep leads short and direct, less than 0.5 m.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7654\" data-end=\"7716\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7656\" data-end=\"7716\">Separate power and signal cables to avoid coupling surges.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7717\" data-end=\"7769\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7719\" data-end=\"7769\">Do not bundle SPD leads with protected circuits.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7770\" data-end=\"7844\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7772\" data-end=\"7844\">Always connect the SPD earth to the closest equipotential bonding bar.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7845\" data-end=\"7913\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7847\" data-end=\"7913\">Respect the coordination distances between different SPD stages.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"7915\" data-end=\"8130\">Common mistakes include installing only one stage, forgetting N-PE protection in TT systems, or oversizing SPDs without actual need. Each of these reduces protection efficiency and increases costs without benefit.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"8137\" data-end=\"8163\">Example Applications<\/h2>\r\n<ul data-start=\"8165\" data-end=\"8850\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8165\" data-end=\"8343\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8167\" data-end=\"8343\"><strong data-start=\"8167\" data-end=\"8195\">Residential Applications<\/strong>: A Type 2 SPD (In 20 kA, Imax 40 kA, Up &lt; 1.5 kV) installed in the main distribution board protects household electronics from grid disturbances.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8344\" data-end=\"8498\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8346\" data-end=\"8498\"><strong data-start=\"8346\" data-end=\"8370\">Commercial Buildings<\/strong>: A Type 1+2 SPD at the main switchboard combined with Type 2 SPDs at floor distribution panels ensures continuity of service.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8499\" data-end=\"8673\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8501\" data-end=\"8673\"><strong data-start=\"8501\" data-end=\"8526\">Industrial Facilities<\/strong>: Type 1 SPDs rated at 25 kA Iimp at the service entrance, with coordinated Type 2 SPDs in motor control centers and Type 3 SPDs protecting PLCs.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8674\" data-end=\"8850\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8676\" data-end=\"8850\"><strong data-start=\"8676\" data-end=\"8696\">Solar PV Systems<\/strong>: On the DC side, use PV-rated SPDs. On the AC side, a Type 2 single-phase SPD at the inverter output protects both the inverter and the grid interface.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2 data-start=\"8857\" data-end=\"8873\">Conclusion<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"8875\" data-end=\"9090\">Choosing the right Single-Phase Surge Protection Device requires more than scanning a datasheet. It means understanding your system, evaluating risks, applying IEC standards, and matching parameters carefully.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"9092\" data-end=\"9348\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9092\" data-end=\"9151\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9094\" data-end=\"9151\">At the entrance, protect against lightning with Type 1.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9152\" data-end=\"9203\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9154\" data-end=\"9203\">In distribution, rely on robust Type 2 devices.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9204\" data-end=\"9266\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9206\" data-end=\"9266\">For sensitive electronics, add Type 3 at the point of use.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9267\" data-end=\"9348\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9269\" data-end=\"9348\">Always respect your earthing system, wiring practices, and maintenance needs.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"9350\" data-end=\"9539\">By applying these principles, electrical engineers and procurement professionals can ensure that their systems are not only compliant but also resilient, cost-effective, and future-ready.<\/p>"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/2176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=2176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}