{"id":862,"date":"2023-12-15T15:29:02","date_gmt":"2023-12-15T07:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=862"},"modified":"2024-09-05T16:40:47","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T08:40:47","slug":"surge-protection-devices-surge-arresters-spd","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/blog\/surge-protection-devices-surge-arresters-spd\/","title":{"rendered":"Ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteet (ylij\u00e4nnitesuojat) (SPD)"},"content":{"rendered":"The Surge Protection Device (SPD) is a component of the electrical installation protection system.\r\n\r\nThis device is connected in parallel on the power supply circuit of the loads that it has to protect (see Fig. J17). It can also be used at all levels of the power supply network.\r\n\r\nThis is the most commonly used and most efficient type of overvoltage protection.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTiedemiehet ovat tehneet t\u00e4rkeit\u00e4 tutkimuksia salamaniskujen ominaisuuksista ja vaikutuksista vuosien ajan ja ovat kehitt\u00e4neet teknisi\u00e4 tuotteita niiden mukaisesti. Nyky\u00e4\u00e4n n\u00e4it\u00e4 tuotteita voidaan testata my\u00f6s simuloimalla salamaniskua t\u00e4ss\u00e4 yhteydess\u00e4.\r\n\r\nSalamaniskun aaltotyypit:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSalamaniskua voidaan tutkia kahdella eri aallonpituudella.\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. Suora salamanisku 10 \/ 350 \u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nImpulse currents in a waveform of 10\/350 \u03bcs occur in direct lightning strikes. This pulse rapid voltage increase releases great power with a large current pulse.\r\n\r\nToday, External Lightning Protection System materials and Type 1 \/ Class I type Surge Arrester circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. Salamanisku ja kytkent\u00e4j\u00e4nnitteet et\u00e4alueella 8 \/ 20 \u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nLightning strikes at a distant location and impulse currents with switching voltages 8\/20 \u03bcs waveform occur.\r\n\r\nThe energy content of this pulse is significantly lower than the lightning test current\u2019s pulse current wave of 10\/350 \u03bcs. Type 2 \/ Class II and Type 3 \/ Class III type Surge Protector (Surge Arrester) circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n\r\nStandardit<\/strong>\r\n\r\nJotkut usein luetellut standardit sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4t:\r\n
        \r\n \t
      • IEC 61643-11 Pienj\u00e4nnitteiset ylij\u00e4nnitesuojat \u2013 Osa 11: Pienj\u00e4nniteverkkoihin kytketyt ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteet \u2013 Vaatimukset ja testausmenetelm\u00e4t (korvaa standardin IEC 61643-1)<\/li>\r\n \t
      • IEC 61643-21 Pienj\u00e4nnitteiset ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteet \u2013 Osa 21: Tietoliikenne- ja merkinantoverkkoihin liitetyt ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteet \u2013 Suorituskykyvaatimukset ja testausmenetelm\u00e4t<\/li>\r\n \t
      • IEC 61643-22 Pienj\u00e4nnitteiset ylij\u00e4nnitesuojat \u2013 Osa 22: Tietoliikenne- ja merkinantoverkkoihin liitetyt ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteet \u2013 Valinta- ja sovellusperiaatteet<\/li>\r\n \t
      • EN 61643-11, 61643-21 ja 61643-22<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Telcordia Technologiesin tekninen viite TR-NWT-001011<\/li>\r\n \t
      • ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1449.<\/li>\r\n \t
      • AS\/NZS 1768<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEach standard defines different protector characteristics, test vectors, or operational purpose.\r\n\r\nEN 62305 and ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx define what spikes a protector might be expected to divert. EN 61643-11 and 61643-21 specify both the product\u2019s performance and safety requirements. In contrast, the IEC only writes standards and does not certify any particular product as meeting those standards. IEC Standards are used by members of the CB Scheme of international agreements to test and certify products for safety compliance.\r\n\r\nIn addition, the following standards are not standards for standalone surge protectors, but are instead meant for testing surge immunity in electrical and electronic equipment as a whole. Thus, they\u2019re frequently used in the design and test of surge protection circuitry.\r\n
          \r\n \t
        • IEC 61000-4-2 S\u00e4hk\u00f6staattisen purkauksen sietotesti<\/li>\r\n \t
        • IEC 61000-4-4 S\u00e4hk\u00f6inen nopea transientti\/purskeensietotesti<\/li>\r\n \t
        • IEC 61000-4-5 Ylij\u00e4nnitesietotesti<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPeriaate<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD on suunniteltu rajoittamaan ilmakeh\u00e4n alkuper\u00e4\u00e4 olevaa transienttia ylij\u00e4nnitett\u00e4 ja ohjaamaan virtaaallot maahan siten, ett\u00e4 t\u00e4m\u00e4n ylij\u00e4nnitteen amplitudi rajoitetaan arvoon, joka ei ole vaarallinen s\u00e4hk\u00f6asennukselle ja s\u00e4hk\u00f6isille kojeistoille ja ohjauslaitteille.\r\n\r\nSPD eliminoi ylij\u00e4nnitteen<\/strong>\r\n
            \r\n \t
          • Yhteisess\u00e4 tilassa vaiheen ja nollan tai maan v\u00e4lill\u00e4;<\/li>\r\n \t
          • Differentiaalitilassa, vaiheen ja nollan v\u00e4lill\u00e4.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nJos ylij\u00e4nnite ylitt\u00e4\u00e4 toimintarajan, SPD\r\n
              \r\n \t
            • Johtaa energiaa maahan yhteistilassa;<\/li>\r\n \t
            • Jakaa energian muille j\u00e4nnitteisille johtimille differentiaalitilassa.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nKolme SPD-tyyppi\u00e4<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTyyppi 1 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 1 SPD is recommended in the specific case of service-sector and industrial buildings, protected by a lightning protection system or a meshed cage.\r\n\r\nIt protects electrical installations against direct lightning strokes. It can discharge the back-current from lightning spreading from the earth conductor to the network conductors.\r\n\r\nType 1 SPD is characterized by a 10\/350 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nTyyppi 2 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 2 SPD is the main protection system for all low voltage electrical installations. Installed in each electrical switchboard, it prevents the spread of overvoltage in the electrical installations and protects the loads.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD is characterized by an 8\/20 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nTyyppi 3 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThese SPDs have a low discharge capacity. They must therefore mandatorily be installed as a supplement to Type 2 SPD and in the vicinity of sensitive loads.\r\n\r\nType 3 SPD is characterized by a combination of voltage waves (1.2\/50 \u03bcs) and current waves (8\/20 \u03bcs).\r\n\r\nSPD:n normatiivinen m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKuva J18 \u2013 SPD-standardin m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
              <\/td>\r\nSuora salamanisku<\/strong><\/td>\r\nEp\u00e4suora salamanisku<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              IEC 61643-1<\/strong><\/td>\r\nLuokan I koe<\/td>\r\nLuokan II testi<\/td>\r\nLuokan III testi<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              IEC 61643-11\/2011<\/strong><\/td>\r\nTyyppi 1:<\/td>\r\nTyyppi 2:<\/td>\r\nTyyppi 3:<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              EN\/IEC 61643-11<\/strong><\/td>\r\nTyyppi 1<\/td>\r\nTyyppi 2<\/td>\r\nTyyppi 3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              Entinen VDE 0675v<\/strong><\/td>\r\nB<\/td>\r\nC<\/td>\r\nD<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
              Testiaallon tyyppi<\/strong><\/td>\r\n10\/350<\/td>\r\n8\/20<\/td>\r\n1.2\/50 + 8\/20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
                \r\n \t
              • Huomautus 1<\/strong>: On olemassa\u00a0 +\u00a0 \u00a0SPD (tai tyyppi 1 + 2 SPD), joka yhdist\u00e4\u00e4 kuormien suojauksen suoria ja ep\u00e4suoria salamaniskuja vastaan.<\/li>\r\n \t
              • Huomautus 2<\/strong>: jotkut\u00a0 SPD voidaan ilmoittaa my\u00f6s\u00a0 .<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAccording to this;\r\n\r\nFirst Stage: Type 1 \/ Class 1 \/ Class B lightning protection surge arrester are the front protection units of the facility \/ structure. They are circuit elements capable of absorbing and damping direct lightning strikes that may come from power lines.\r\n\r\nIt must be installed in the main distribution \/ transformer panel inside and \/ or outside the building.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 50kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nSecond Stage: Type 2 \/ Class 2 \/ C Class Surge Protection Devices (Surge Arresters) are circuit elements used in the secondary and \/ or lower secondary panels of the facility \/ building. Compared to Type 1 \/ Class II surge arresters, their strength is lower but their sensitivity is better.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in an 8\/20 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 10kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 25kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nType 1 + 2 \/ Class 1 + 2 \/ B + C Class compact protection elements have been used as second level protection in recent years.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 40kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\nIt is used in the electrical panel of the uninterruptible power supply and \/ or in the secondary panels positioned like a main panel.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nThird Stage: Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class sudden overvoltage protection surge arresters are circuit elements used in its lines to protect sensitive electronic devices.\r\n\r\nThe product range is quite wide as it can be connected to different devices with different connection protocols \/ sockets \/ ports.\r\n\r\nBelow are some of the Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class surge arresters for different circuits \/ devices.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"","protected":false},"featured_media":863,"parent":0,"menu_order":146,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[8],"class_list":["post-862","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-company-news"],"acf":{"des":"The Surge Protection Device (SPD) is a component of the electrical installation protection system.","txt":"The Surge Protection Device (SPD) is a component of the electrical installation protection system.\r\n\r\nThis device is connected in parallel on the power supply circuit of the loads that it has to protect (see Fig. J17). It can also be used at all levels of the power supply network.\r\n\r\nThis is the most commonly used and most efficient type of overvoltage protection.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nScientists have carried out important studies on the characteristics and effects of lightning strikes for years, and have developed technological products accordingly. Today, tests of these products can also be carried out by simulating a lightning strike in this context.\r\n\r\nLightning Strike Wave Types:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe lightning strike can be studied in two different wavelengths.\r\n
                  \r\n \t
                1. Direct Lightning Strike 10 \/ 350\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nImpulse currents in a waveform of 10\/350 \u03bcs occur in direct lightning strikes. This pulse rapid voltage increase releases great power with a large current pulse.\r\n\r\nToday, External Lightning Protection System materials and Type 1 \/ Class I type Surge Arrester circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n
                    \r\n \t
                  1. Lightning Strike and Switching Voltages on a Remote Area 8 \/ 20\u03bcs:<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nLightning strikes at a distant location and impulse currents with switching voltages 8\/20 \u03bcs waveform occur.\r\n\r\nThe energy content of this pulse is significantly lower than the lightning test current\u2019s pulse current wave of 10\/350 \u03bcs. Type 2 \/ Class II and Type 3 \/ Class III type Surge Protector (Surge Arrester) circuit elements are tested according to these criteria according to the standards.\r\n\r\nStandards<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSome frequently listed standards include:\r\n
                      \r\n \t
                    • IEC 61643-11 Low-voltage surge protective devices \u2013 Part 11: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power systems \u2013 Requirements and test methods (replaces IEC 61643-1)<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • IEC 61643-21 Low voltage surge protective devices \u2013 Part 21: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks \u2013 Performance requirements and testing methods<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • IEC 61643-22 Low-voltage surge protective devices \u2013 Part 22: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks \u2013 Selection and application principles<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • EN 61643-11, 61643-21 and 61643-22<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • Telcordia Technologies Technical Reference TR-NWT-001011<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1449.<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • AS\/NZS 1768<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEach standard defines different protector characteristics, test vectors, or operational purpose.\r\n\r\nEN 62305 and ANSI\/IEEE C62.xx define what spikes a protector might be expected to divert. EN 61643-11 and 61643-21 specify both the product\u2019s performance and safety requirements. In contrast, the IEC only writes standards and does not certify any particular product as meeting those standards. IEC Standards are used by members of the CB Scheme of international agreements to test and certify products for safety compliance.\r\n\r\nIn addition, the following standards are not standards for standalone surge protectors, but are instead meant for testing surge immunity in electrical and electronic equipment as a whole. Thus, they\u2019re frequently used in the design and test of surge protection circuitry.\r\n
                        \r\n \t
                      • IEC 61000-4-2 Electrostatic discharge immunity test<\/li>\r\n \t
                      • IEC 61000-4-4 Electrical fast transient\/burst immunity test<\/li>\r\n \t
                      • IEC 61000-4-5 Surge immunity test<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPrinciple<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPD is designed to limit transient overvoltage of atmospheric origin and divert current waves to earth, so as to limit the amplitude of this overvoltage to a value that is not hazardous for the electrical installation and electric switchgear and control gear.\r\n\r\nSPD eliminates overvoltage<\/strong>\r\n
                          \r\n \t
                        • In common mode, between phase and neutral or earth;<\/li>\r\n \t
                        • In differential mode, between phase and neutral.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn the event of an overvoltage exceeding the operating threshold, the SPD\r\n
                            \r\n \t
                          • Conducts the energy to earth, in common mode;<\/li>\r\n \t
                          • Distributes the energy to the other live conductors, in differential mode.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe three types of SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nType 1 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 1 SPD is recommended in the specific case of service-sector and industrial buildings, protected by a lightning protection system or a meshed cage.\r\n\r\nIt protects electrical installations against direct lightning strokes. It can discharge the back-current from lightning spreading from the earth conductor to the network conductors.\r\n\r\nType 1 SPD is characterized by a 10\/350 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Type 2 SPD is the main protection system for all low voltage electrical installations. Installed in each electrical switchboard, it prevents the spread of overvoltage in the electrical installations and protects the loads.\r\n\r\nType 2 SPD is characterized by an 8\/20 \u00b5s current wave.\r\n\r\nType 3 SPD<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThese SPDs have a low discharge capacity. They must therefore mandatorily be installed as a supplement to Type 2 SPD and in the vicinity of sensitive loads.\r\n\r\nType 3 SPD is characterized by a combination of voltage waves (1.2\/50 \u03bcs) and current waves (8\/20 \u03bcs).\r\n\r\nSPD normative definition<\/strong>\r\n\r\nFig. J18 \u2013 SPD standard definition\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
                            <\/td>\r\nDirect lightning stroke<\/strong><\/td>\r\nIndirect lightning stroke<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            IEC 61643-1<\/strong><\/td>\r\nClass I test<\/td>\r\nClass II test<\/td>\r\nClass III test<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            IEC 61643-11\/2011<\/strong><\/td>\r\nType 1\u00a0:<\/td>\r\nType 2\u00a0:<\/td>\r\nType 3\u00a0:<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            EN\/IEC 61643-11<\/strong><\/td>\r\nType 1<\/td>\r\nType 2<\/td>\r\nType 3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            Former VDE 0675v<\/strong><\/td>\r\nB<\/td>\r\nC<\/td>\r\nD<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                            Type of test wave<\/strong><\/td>\r\n10\/350<\/td>\r\n8\/20<\/td>\r\n1.2\/50 + 8\/20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
                              \r\n \t
                            • Note 1<\/strong>: There exist\u00a0 +\u00a0 \u00a0SPD (or Type 1 + 2 SPD) combining protection of loads against direct and indirect lightning strokes.<\/li>\r\n \t
                            • Note 2<\/strong>: some\u00a0 SPD can also be declared as\u00a0 .<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAccording to this;\r\n\r\nFirst Stage: Type 1 \/ Class 1 \/ Class B lightning protection surge arrester are the front protection units of the facility \/ structure. They are circuit elements capable of absorbing and damping direct lightning strikes that may come from power lines.\r\n\r\nIt must be installed in the main distribution \/ transformer panel inside and \/ or outside the building.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 50kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nSecond Stage: Type 2 \/ Class 2 \/ C Class Surge Protection Devices (Surge Arresters) are circuit elements used in the secondary and \/ or lower secondary panels of the facility \/ building. Compared to Type 1 \/ Class II surge arresters, their strength is lower but their sensitivity is better.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in an 8\/20 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 10kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 25kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\nType 1 + 2 \/ Class 1 + 2 \/ B + C Class compact protection elements have been used as second level protection in recent years.\r\n\r\nIt should have been tested in 10\/350 \u00b5Sec waveform. It must be able to discharge a load of at least 40kA between Phase-Neutral, and at least 100kA between Phases, Neutral-Earth.\r\n\r\nIt is used in the electrical panel of the uninterruptible power supply and \/ or in the secondary panels positioned like a main panel.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nThird Stage: Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class sudden overvoltage protection surge arresters are circuit elements used in its lines to protect sensitive electronic devices.\r\n\r\nThe product range is quite wide as it can be connected to different devices with different connection protocols \/ sockets \/ ports.\r\n\r\nBelow are some of the Type 3 \/ Class 3 \/ D Class surge arresters for different circuits \/ devices.\r\n\r\n\"\"\"\""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}