{"id":2231,"date":"2025-10-31T09:43:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T01:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=2231"},"modified":"2025-11-03T16:21:24","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T08:21:24","slug":"types-of-industrial-surge-protection-devices-and-graded-protection-strategies","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/blog\/types-of-industrial-surge-protection-devices-and-graded-protection-strategies\/","title":{"rendered":"Teollisuuden ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteiden tyypit ja asteittaiset suojausstrategiat"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>T\u00e4ss\u00e4 artikkelissa esitell\u00e4\u00e4n j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4llisesti tyypit, luokitusmenetelm\u00e4t ja tehokkaan suojausj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n rakentaminen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/products\/\"><strong>teolliset ylij\u00e4nnitesuojat (SPD)<\/strong><\/a>.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Luokittelu teknisen periaatteen ja purkauskapasiteetin mukaan<\/h2>\r\n<div>T\u00e4m\u00e4 on SPD:n ydinluokitusmenetelm\u00e4, joka m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4\u00e4 suoraan niiden sovellusskenaariot ja suojaustasot, ja perustuu yleens\u00e4 kansainv\u00e4lisiin standardeihin, kuten IEC 61643:een.<\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/product\/br-25m-4p-type-1-25ka-surge-arrester-for-tns\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1601\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1601\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/BR-25M-4P.jpg\" alt=\"BR-25M 4P tyypin 1 25 kA salama ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaite\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Tyyppi 1 (Tyyppi 1\/T1): Energian purkaus<\/h3>\r\n<div><strong>Tekninen periaate: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/type-1-lightning-surge-protection-device\/\">Tyypin 1 ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteet<\/a> k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 tyypillisesti kipin\u00e4v\u00e4li\u00e4 ydinkomponenttinaan. Sen p\u00e4\u00e4ominaisuus on korkea aaltovirran purkauskyky.<\/div>\r\n<div><strong>Purkauskyky: <\/strong>Pystyy kest\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n ja vapauttamaan suoria salamaniskuja tai osittaista salamavirtaa (simuloi 10\/350 \u00b5s aaltomuotoa); testivirrat voivat tyypillisesti nousta kymmeniin kiloampeereihin.<\/div>\r\n<div><strong>Sovellusskenaariot: <\/strong>Primarily installed at the entrance of the building's main distribution cabinet (MDB) as a primary protection device to release lightning current from external lines (e.g., power lines).<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/product\/br-20-4p-type-2-20ka-surge-protective-device-for-tns\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1709\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1709\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/BR-20-4P-1.jpg\" alt=\"BR-20 4P Type 2 20kA ylij\u00e4nnitesuoja TNS:lle\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Tyyppi 2 (Tyyppi 2\/T2): J\u00e4nnitteenrajoitin<\/h3>\r\n<div>Tekninen periaate: Ydinkomponentti on varistori (MOV). Normaalilla j\u00e4nnitteell\u00e4 MOV:lla on korkea resistanssi; kun esiintyy ylij\u00e4nnite, sen vastus laskee jyrk\u00e4sti ohittaen virran ja puristaen j\u00e4nnitteen turvalliselle tasolle.<\/div>\r\n<div>Purkauskapasiteetti: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/type-2-surge-protective-device\/\">Tyypin 2 ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteet<\/a> K\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n aiheuttamien salamaniskujen ja k\u00e4ytt\u00f6ylij\u00e4nnitteiden purkamiseen (simuloi 8\/20 \u00b5s aaltomuotoa), purkauskapasiteetti vaihtelee tyypillisesti useista tuhansista kymmeniin tuhansiin ampeeriin.<\/div>\r\n<div>K\u00e4ytt\u00f6skenaariot: Asennettu p\u00e4\u00e4jakokaapin alavirtaan jakelukaappiin (jakopaneeli, SDB) tai ennen t\u00e4rkeiden laitteiden ohjauskaappia. Se toimii toissijaisena suojana useimpien s\u00e4hk\u00f6laitteiden suojaamiseksi.<\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/product\/br-230-type-3-surge-protector\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1198\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1198\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/BR-230.jpg\" alt=\"BR-230 tyypin 3 ylij\u00e4nnitesuoja\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Tyyppi 3 (Tyyppi 3\/T3): Lis\u00e4suojaus<\/h3>\r\n<div>Tekninen periaate: K\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 tyypillisesti hienompia MOV-laitteita, kaasupurkausputkia tai TVS-diodeja, mik\u00e4 johtaa eritt\u00e4in nopeaan vasteeseen ja alhaisempaan j\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6sj\u00e4nnitteeseen (suojaustaso).<\/div>\r\n<div>Purkauskapasiteetti: Purkauskapasiteetti on suhteellisen pieni, ja sit\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n ensisijaisesti j\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6sj\u00e4nnitteen edelleen vaimentamiseen.<\/div>\r\n<div>Sovellusskenaariot: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/product_category\/type-3-surge-protector\/\">Tyypin 3 ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteet<\/a> installed very close to the protected equipment, such as in the equipment's socket or socket board, for fine protection. It usually needs to be used in conjunction with a Type 2 SPD and cannot be installed alone.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/product\/br-12-5m-4p-12-5ka-type-12-surge-protective-device-for-tns\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1637\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1637\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/BR-12.5M-4P-1.jpg\" alt=\"BR-12.5M 4P 12.5kA Tyypin 1+2 ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaite TNS:lle\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Yhdistetty spd (tyyppi 1+2): Integroitu ratkaisu<\/h3>\r\n<div>Tekninen periaate: T\u00e4m\u00e4 laite integroi tyypin 1 kipin\u00e4v\u00e4lin ja tyypin 2 varistorin, mik\u00e4 tarjoaa korkean purkauskyvyn ja alhaisen suojatason edut.<\/div>\r\n<div>Sovellusskenaariot: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/type-1-2-lightning-surge-arrester\/\">Yhdistetyt SPD (tyyppi 1+2) ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteet<\/a> sopii sovelluksiin, joissa on rajoitetusti tilaa tai jotka vaativat yksinkertaistettua suunnittelua. Se voidaan asentaa suoraan p\u00e4\u00e4jakokaappiin rakennuksen sis\u00e4\u00e4nk\u00e4ynnin luona, mik\u00e4 tarjoaa yhdistetyn ensimm\u00e4isen ja toisen tason suojauksen.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Laajennettu teollisuuden ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteiden luokitus<\/h2>\r\n<div>Teollisuuden SPD:t voidaan luokitella ydinteknologiatyyppien lis\u00e4ksi my\u00f6s muiden mittojen mukaan.<\/div>\r\n<h3>Luokittelu virtal\u00e4hteen tyypin mukaan<\/h3>\r\n<div>AC-virtal\u00e4hde SPD: K\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n suojaamaan AC-virtal\u00e4hdej\u00e4rjestelmi\u00e4, kuten 380V\/220V teollisuuden s\u00e4hk\u00f6verkkoja.<\/div>\r\n<div>DC-virtal\u00e4hde SPD: K\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n suojaamaan tasavirtal\u00e4hdej\u00e4rjestelmi\u00e4, kuten aurinkos\u00e4hk\u00f6voimantuotantoj\u00e4rjestelmi\u00e4, tasavirtamoottorik\u00e4ytt\u00f6j\u00e4 ja tietoliikenteen tukiasemien virtal\u00e4hteit\u00e4.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>AC Power SPD VS Dc Power SPD<\/h4>\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Ominaisuus<\/th>\r\n<th>AC Power SPD<\/th>\r\n<th>DC Power SPD<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Ensisijainen sovellus<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>P\u00e4\u00e4s\u00e4hk\u00f6paneelit, alapaneelit, haarapiirit kodeissa, toimistoissa ja teollisuuslaitoksissa.<\/td>\r\n<td>Aurinkos\u00e4hk\u00f6j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t, akkujen varastointij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t, s\u00e4hk\u00f6ajoneuvojen latausasemat, televiestint\u00e4, auto-, meri- ja joukkoliikenne.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>J\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n j\u00e4nnite<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Seuraa tavallisia vaihtovirtaj\u00e4nnitteit\u00e4 (esim. 120 V, 230 V, 400 V, 480 V).<\/td>\r\n<td>Eritt\u00e4in vaihteleva (esim. 12V, 24V, 48V akuille; 600V - 1500V aurinkokennoille).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Nykyinen k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyminen<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Vaihtovirta.<\/strong>\u00a0J\u00e4nnite ylitt\u00e4\u00e4 nollan 100 tai 120 kertaa sekunnissa. T\u00e4m\u00e4 auttaa\u00a0<strong>sammuttaa s\u00e4hk\u00f6kaaren<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Tasavirta.<\/strong>\u00a0J\u00e4nnite on vakio eik\u00e4 ylit\u00e4 nollaa. T\u00e4m\u00e4 tekee\u00a0<strong>kaareva paljon kest\u00e4v\u00e4mpi ja vaarallisempi<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Key Design Challenge<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Ohimenevien ylij\u00e4nnitteiden hallinta. AC:n nollan ylitys auttaa luonnollisesti keskeytyksen seurannassa.<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Kaaren vaimennus.<\/strong>\u00a0The primary challenge is to safely quench the \"follow current\" from the DC source after a surge event without the SPD catching fire.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Sis\u00e4inen tekniikka ja komponentit<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>P\u00e4\u00e4asiassa k\u00e4ytt\u00f6tarkoituksia\u00a0<strong>Metallioksidivaristorit (MOV)<\/strong>\u00a0ja joskus Gas Discharge Tubes (GDT) -putket. Suunnittelut ovat suhteellisen yksinkertaisia.<\/td>\r\n<td>K\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 j\u00e4re\u00e4mp\u00e4\u00e4\u00a0<strong>MOVs<\/strong>\u00a0erityisill\u00e4 valokaaren sammutuskammioilla\/t\u00e4ytteill\u00e4. Voimakkaampi riippuvuus\u00a0<strong>GDT:t<\/strong>\u00a0suunniteltu erityisesti DC:lle, joka voi turvallisesti k\u00e4sitell\u00e4 jatkuvaa tasaj\u00e4nnitett\u00e4 ilman vuotoa.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>J\u00e4nniteluokitus (Uc)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Arvioitu jatkuvaan toimintaan tavallisilla AC RMS -j\u00e4nnitteill\u00e4 (esim. 275 V, 320 V, 440 V).<\/td>\r\n<td>Arvioitu jatkuvaan toimintaan tietyll\u00e4 DC-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n j\u00e4nnitteell\u00e4 (esim. 1000V DC, 1500V DC).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Irrotus ja turvallisuus<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 usein l\u00e4mp\u00f6erottimia, jotta monien ylij\u00e4nnitteiden heikent\u00e4m\u00e4 MOV voidaan rikkoa turvallisesti.<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Kriittinen ja kest\u00e4v\u00e4mpi.<\/strong>\u00a0Edellytt\u00e4\u00e4 kehittyneit\u00e4 vikamekanismeja SPD:n irrottamiseksi fyysisesti tasavirtal\u00e4hteest\u00e4 vikaturvallisella tavalla, koska jatkuva tasavirtakaari on suuri tulipalovaara.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Sertifiointistandardit<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>UL 1449 (Pohjois-Amerikka), IEC 61643-11 (kansainv\u00e4linen).<\/td>\r\n<td>UL 1449 (tietyille tasavirtasovelluksille), IEC 61643-11, UL 497B ja erityiset standardit aurinkos\u00e4hk\u00f6j\u00e4rjestelmille, kuten IEC 62548.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3>Luokittelu signaalityypin mukaan<\/h3>\r\n<div>Teollisuusymp\u00e4rist\u00f6t sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4t voimalinjojen lis\u00e4ksi lukuisia signaali- ja ohjauslinjoja. Signaali-SPD:t on erityisesti suunniteltu suojaamaan n\u00e4it\u00e4 pienj\u00e4nnitelinjoja, kuten:<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf Verkko\/Ethernet SPD<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf RS-232\/485\/422-sarjaportti SPD<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf Analoginen\/digitaalinen I\/O SPD<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf Koaksiaalikaapeli SPD (k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n videovalvontaan, antenneihin jne.)<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3>Luokitus asennusrakenteen mukaan<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Plug-In ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteet<\/h4>\r\n<div>Se n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 adapterilta ja kytket\u00e4\u00e4n suoraan pistorasiaan. Sit\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa yhden laitteen suojaamiseen ja se kuuluu tyyppiin 3.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>Modulaariset ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteet<\/h4>\r\n<div>Vakiomoduulirakenteen ansiosta se voidaan asentaa DIN-kiskoon jakelukaappiin, aivan kuten katkaisija. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on yleisin muoto teollisissa sovelluksissa, mik\u00e4 helpottaa asennusta, vaihtoa ja kunnonvalvontaa (et\u00e4signalointikoskettimien kautta). Tyyppi 1 ja tyyppi 2 ovat enimm\u00e4kseen t\u00e4t\u00e4 tyyppi\u00e4.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>Laatikkotyyppiset ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteet<\/h4>\r\n<div>SPD-moduulit, sulakkeet tai katkaisijat on integroitu yhteen suojakoteloon, jota k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n yleisesti ulko- tai kentt\u00e4laitteiden laatikoissa.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Kuinka rakentaa porrastettu (porrastettu) suojaj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4?<\/h2>\r\n<div>Yksitt\u00e4inen SPD ei voi tarjota t\u00e4ydellist\u00e4 suojaa, joten tarvitaan porrastettu (tai porrastettu) suojausstrategia.<\/div>\r\n<h4>Porrastetun suojan periaate<\/h4>\r\n<div>The core concept of graded protection is \"step-by-step discharge and layer-by-layer clamping.\"<\/div>\r\n<div>Taso 1 (Tyyppi 1\/Tyyppi 1+2): P\u00e4\u00e4tulojohdossa se absorboi ja purkaa suurimman osan massiivisesta aaltoenergiasta rajoittaen useiden kilovolttien ylij\u00e4nnitteet alemmalle tasolle (esim. 1500-2500V).<\/div>\r\n<div>Taso 2 (tyyppi 2): Jakokeskuksessa se purkaa edelleen j\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6spiikkej\u00e4, jotka ovat tunkeutuneet tasoon 1 ja kirist\u00e4\u00e4 j\u00e4nnitteen turvallisemmalle tasolle (esim. 1000-1500V).<\/div>\r\n<div>Taso 3 (Tyyppi 3): Laitteen etuosassa se vaimentaa lopullisesti pienet j\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6spiikit ja tarjoaa pienimm\u00e4n mahdollisen j\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6sj\u00e4nnitteen (yleens\u00e4 alle 1000 V), mik\u00e4 varmistaa tarkkuuslaitteiden porttien ehdottoman turvallisuuden.<\/div>\r\n<div>Tietty linjaet\u00e4isyys (yleens\u00e4 suositellaan yli 10 metri\u00e4) on s\u00e4ilytett\u00e4v\u00e4 kunkin SPD-tason v\u00e4lill\u00e4, jotta linjaimpedanssia voidaan hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 energian koordinoinnissa. Jos et\u00e4isyys on riitt\u00e4m\u00e4t\u00f6n, erotuskomponentit (kuten erilliset irrotuskelat tai sopivat sulakkeet\/katkaisijat) tarvitaan varmistamaan, ett\u00e4 jokainen SPD-taso toimii koordinoidussa j\u00e4rjestyksess\u00e4.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>Esimerkki spd-m\u00e4\u00e4rityksest\u00e4 tyypillisiss\u00e4 teollisissa skenaarioissa<\/h4>\r\n<div>Skenaario: Automatisoitu tuotantolinjan ohjauskeskus<\/div>\r\n<div>P\u00e4\u00e4jakeluhuone (MDB): Asenna tyypin 1+2 SPD suojaamaan koko rakennuksen virransy\u00f6tt\u00f6.<\/div>\r\n<div>Tuotantolinjan ohjauskaappi (SDB): Asenna tyypin 2 SPD:t suojaamaan ydinohjausyksik\u00f6iden, kuten PLC:iden ja taajuusmuuttajien, virtal\u00e4hde.<\/div>\r\n<div>PLC I\/O-moduulin etuosa: Asenna signaalin SPD:t ohjaussignaalilinjoihin (esim. 24 V DC).<\/div>\r\n<div>Engineer Workstation: Suojaa tietokonetta ja ohjelmoijaa liit\u00e4nn\u00f6iss\u00e4 Tyypin 3 SPD-liit\u00e4nt\u00e4kortilla.<\/div>\r\n<div>Workshop Network Switch: Asenna Ethernet SPD:t verkkoportteihin.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>FAQ<\/h2>\r\n<div><strong>Kuinka valita sopiva SPD-tyyppi sivuston olosuhteiden perusteella?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div>Vaihe 1: M\u00e4\u00e4rit\u00e4 asennuspaikka. Valitse T1 tai T1+2 saapuvan linjan p\u00e4\u00e4kaapiksi; T2 jakelukaappiin; ja T3 laitteiden etup\u00e4\u00e4lle.<\/div>\r\n<div>Vaihe 2: Tarkista avainparametrit. Suurimman jatkuvan k\u00e4ytt\u00f6j\u00e4nnitteen (Uc) on oltava suurempi kuin paikallisessa s\u00e4hk\u00f6verkossa mahdollisesti esiintyv\u00e4 suurin j\u00e4nnite; nimellisen purkausvirran (In) ja suurimman purkausvirran (Imax) on t\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4 asennuspisteen ukkossuojaustason (LPL) vaatimukset; j\u00e4nnitesuojaustason (Up) tulee olla alempi kuin suojatun laitteen kest\u00e4vyysj\u00e4nnite.<\/div>\r\n<div>Vaihe 3: Harkitse muita tekij\u00f6it\u00e4, kuten virransy\u00f6tt\u00f6j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 (AC\/DC), asennustapaa (modulaarinen\/laatikkotyyppinen), tilan ilmaisua ja kaukomerkinantotoimintovaatimuksia.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div><strong>Teollisuuden SPD:n p\u00e4ivitt\u00e4inen tarkastus ja huolto<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div>S\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6llinen silm\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen tarkastus: Tarkista, ettei SPD:ss\u00e4 ole fyysisi\u00e4 vaurioita, kuten halkeamia tai palamisj\u00e4lki\u00e4.<\/div>\r\n<div>Huomioi tilailmaisin: Useimmissa SPD:iss\u00e4 on v\u00e4rikoodattu ikkuna (vihre\u00e4\/punainen). Vihre\u00e4 tarkoittaa normaalia toimintaa ja punainen vikaa, joka vaatii v\u00e4litt\u00f6m\u00e4n vaihtamisen.<\/div>\r\n<div>Pid\u00e4 huoltop\u00e4iv\u00e4kirjaa: Kirjaa yl\u00f6s asennusp\u00e4iv\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4, ensimm\u00e4inen tarkastusp\u00e4iv\u00e4 ja my\u00f6hempien tarkastusten tiedot. Normaalitilassakin SPD:n k\u00e4ytt\u00f6ik\u00e4 on rajallinen; on suositeltavaa tarkastaa tai vaihtaa ne s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6llisesti (esim. 3-5 vuoden v\u00e4lein) tai suuren j\u00e4nnitteen j\u00e4lkeen.<\/div>\r\n<div>Ammattimainen testaus: K\u00e4yt\u00e4 erikoislaitteita mittaamaan varistorin vuotovirta ja arvioimaan suorituskyvyn heikkenemist\u00e4.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div><strong>Voivatko ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteet est\u00e4\u00e4 katkaisijoiden laukeamisen?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div>SPD:n ensisijainen teht\u00e4v\u00e4 on est\u00e4\u00e4 laitteiden vaurioituminen ylij\u00e4nnitteen vuoksi, ei est\u00e4\u00e4 katkaisijoiden laukeamista.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Johtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6s<\/h2>\r\n<div>Ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 erityyppisten teollisuuden ylij\u00e4nnitesuojalaitteiden (SPD) (t1, t2, t3) tekniset periaatteet ja sovellusskenaariot ja yhdist\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 ne kattavaan teho- ja signaalilinjojen suojaukseen voimme rakentaa tehokkaan hierarkkisen (askel askeleelta) suojausj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n.<\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":1601,"parent":0,"menu_order":107,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[9],"class_list":["post-2231","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-industry-news"],"acf":{"des":"This article provides a detailed analysis of the Type 1\/2\/3 industrial surge protection devices (SPD) and their technical principles, explains how to construct an effective hierarchical (step-by-step) protection strategy to ensure the safety of industrial equipment, and answers common selection and maintenance questions.","txt":"<div>This article will systematically introduce the types, classification methods, and how to build an effective graded protection system for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/products\/\"><strong>industrial surge protectors (SPD)<\/strong><\/a>.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Classification By Technical Principle And Discharge Capacity<\/h2>\r\n<div>This is the core classification method for SPD, which directly determines their application scenarios and protection levels, and is usually based on international standards such as IEC 61643.<\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product\/br-25m-4p-type-1-25ka-surge-arrester-for-tns\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1601\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1601\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/BR-25M-4P.jpg\" alt=\"BR-25M 4P Type 1 25kA Lightning Surge Protection Device\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Type 1 (Type 1\/T1): Energy Discharge<\/h3>\r\n<div><strong>Technical Principle: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/type-1-lightning-surge-protection-device\/\">Type 1 surge protection devices<\/a> typically uses a spark gap as its core component. Its main characteristic is its high surge current discharge capability.<\/div>\r\n<div><strong>Discharge Capability: <\/strong>Capable of withstanding and releasing direct lightning strikes or partial lightning current (simulating a 10\/350\u00b5s waveform); test currents can typically reach tens of kiloamperes.<\/div>\r\n<div><strong>Application Scenarios: <\/strong>Primarily installed at the entrance of the building's main distribution cabinet (MDB) as a primary protection device to release lightning current from external lines (e.g., power lines).<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product\/br-20-4p-type-2-20ka-surge-protective-device-for-tns\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1709\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1709\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/BR-20-4P-1.jpg\" alt=\"BR-20 4P Type 2 20kA Surge Protective Device For TNS\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Type 2 (Type 2\/T2): Voltage Limiter<\/h3>\r\n<div>Technical Principle: The core component is a varistor (MOV). Under normal voltage, the MOV exhibits high resistance; when a surge overvoltage occurs, its resistance drops sharply, bypassing the current and clamping the voltage to a safe level.<\/div>\r\n<div>Discharge Capacity: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/type-2-surge-protective-device\/\">Type 2 surge protection devices<\/a> Used to discharge induced lightning strikes and operational overvoltages (simulating 8\/20\u00b5s waveform), with a discharge capacity typically ranging from several thousand to tens of thousands of amperes.<\/div>\r\n<div>Application Scenarios: Installed downstream of the main distribution cabinet in the distribution cabinet (distribution panel, SDB) or before the control cabinet of important equipment, serving as secondary protection to provide protection for most electrical equipment.<\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product\/br-230-type-3-surge-protector\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1198\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1198\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/BR-230.jpg\" alt=\"BR-230 Type 3 Surge Protector\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Type 3 (Type 3\/T3): Advanced Protection<\/h3>\r\n<div>Technical Principle: Typically employs finer MOVs, gas discharge tubes, or TVS diodes, resulting in extremely fast response and lower residual voltage (protection level).<\/div>\r\n<div>Discharge Capacity: The discharge capacity is relatively small, primarily used to further suppress residual surge voltage.<\/div>\r\n<div>Application Scenarios: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product_category\/type-3-surge-protector\/\">Type 3 surge protection devices<\/a> installed very close to the protected equipment, such as in the equipment's socket or socket board, for fine protection. It usually needs to be used in conjunction with a Type 2 SPD and cannot be installed alone.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product\/br-12-5m-4p-12-5ka-type-12-surge-protective-device-for-tns\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1637\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1637\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/BR-12.5M-4P-1.jpg\" alt=\"BR-12.5M 4P 12.5kA Type 1+2 Surge Protective Device For TNS\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Combined Spd (Type 1+2): Integrated Solution<\/h3>\r\n<div>Technical Principle: This device integrates a Type 1 spark gap and a Type 2 varistor, offering the advantages of high discharge capability and low protection level.<\/div>\r\n<div>Application Scenarios: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/type-1-2-lightning-surge-arrester\/\">Combined SPD (Type 1+2) surge protection devices<\/a> suitable for applications with limited space or requiring simplified design. It can be directly installed in the main distribution cabinet at the building entrance, providing combined first- and second-level protection.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Extended Classification Of Industrial Surge Protection Devices<\/h2>\r\n<div>In addition to core technology types, industrial SPDs can also be classified according to other dimensions.<\/div>\r\n<h3>Classification By Power Source Type<\/h3>\r\n<div>AC power supply SPD: Used to protect AC power supply systems, such as 380V\/220V industrial power grids.<\/div>\r\n<div>DC power supply SPD: Used to protect DC power supply systems, such as photovoltaic power generation systems, DC motor drives, and communication base station power supplies.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>AC Power SPD VS Dc Power SPD<\/h4>\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Feature<\/th>\r\n<th>AC Power SPD<\/th>\r\n<th>DC Power SPD<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Primary Application<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Main electrical panels, sub-panels, branch circuits in homes, offices, and industrial facilities.<\/td>\r\n<td>Solar PV arrays, battery storage systems, EV charging stations, telecommunications, automotive, marine, and public transport.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>System Voltage<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Follows standard AC voltages (e.g., 120V, 230V, 400V, 480V).<\/td>\r\n<td>Highly variable (e.g., 12V, 24V, 48V for batteries; 600V to 1500V for solar strings).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Current Behavior<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Alternating Current.<\/strong>\u00a0The voltage crosses zero 100 or 120 times per second. This helps\u00a0<strong>extinguish an electrical arc<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Direct Current.<\/strong>\u00a0The voltage is constant and does not cross zero. This makes\u00a0<strong>arcing much more sustained and dangerous<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Key Design Challenge<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Managing transient overvoltages. The zero-crossing of AC naturally helps interrupt follow current.<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Arc Suppression.<\/strong>\u00a0The primary challenge is to safely quench the \"follow current\" from the DC source after a surge event without the SPD catching fire.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Internal Technology &amp; Components<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Primarily uses\u00a0<strong>Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs)<\/strong>\u00a0and sometimes Gas Discharge Tubes (GDTs). Designs are relatively straightforward.<\/td>\r\n<td>Uses more robust\u00a0<strong>MOVs<\/strong>\u00a0with special arc-quenching chambers\/fillers. Heavier reliance on\u00a0<strong>GDTs<\/strong>\u00a0specifically designed for DC, which can safely handle the continuous DC voltage without leaking.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Voltage Rating (Uc)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Rated for continuous operation at standard AC RMS voltages (e.g., 275V, 320V, 440V).<\/td>\r\n<td>Rated for continuous operation at the specific DC system voltage (e.g., 1000V DC, 1500V DC).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Disconnection &amp; Safety<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Often includes thermal disconnectors to safely fail an MOV that has been degraded by many surges.<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Critical and more robust.<\/strong>\u00a0Requires advanced failure mechanisms to physically disconnect the SPD from the DC source in a fail-safe manner, as a sustained DC arc is a major fire hazard.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Certification Standards<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>UL 1449 (North America), IEC 61643-11 (International).<\/td>\r\n<td>UL 1449 (for specific DC applications), IEC 61643-11, UL 497B, and specific standards for PV systems like IEC 62548.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3>Classification By Signal Type<\/h3>\r\n<div>Industrial environments contain not only power lines but also numerous signal and control lines. Signal SPDs are specifically designed to protect these low-voltage lines, such as:<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf Network\/Ethernet SPD<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf RS-232\/485\/422 Serial Port SPD<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf Analog\/Digital I\/O SPD<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf Coaxial Cable SPD (used for video surveillance, antennas, etc.)<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3>Classification By Mounting Structure<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Plug-In Surge Protective Devices<\/h4>\r\n<div>It looks like an adapter and plugs directly into a wall socket. It is mainly used to protect a single device and belongs to Type 3.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>Modular Surge Protective Devices<\/h4>\r\n<div>The standard modular design allows it to be mounted on a DIN rail in a distribution cabinet, just like a circuit breaker. This is the most common form in industrial applications, facilitating installation, replacement, and condition monitoring (via remote signaling contacts). Type 1 and Type 2 are mostly of this type.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>Box-Type Surge Protective Devices<\/h4>\r\n<div>SPD modules, fuses, or circuit breakers are integrated into a single protective enclosure, which is commonly used in outdoor or field equipment boxes.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>How To Build A Tiered (Stepped) Protection System?<\/h2>\r\n<div>A single SPD cannot provide perfect protection, so a tiered (or stepped) protection strategy is required.<\/div>\r\n<h4>Principle Of Tiered Protection<\/h4>\r\n<div>The core concept of graded protection is \"step-by-step discharge and layer-by-layer clamping.\"<\/div>\r\n<div>Level 1 (Type 1\/Type 1+2): At the main incoming line, it absorbs and discharges the vast majority of the massive surge energy, limiting overvoltages of several kilovolts to a lower level (e.g., 1500-2500V).<\/div>\r\n<div>Level 2 (Type 2): At the distribution panel, it further discharges residual surges that have penetrated Level 1 and clamps the voltage to a safer level (e.g., 1000-1500V).<\/div>\r\n<div>Level 3 (Type 3): At the front end of the equipment, it provides final suppression of minor residual surges, offering the lowest possible residual voltage (typically below 1000V), ensuring the absolute safety of precision equipment ports.<\/div>\r\n<div>A certain line distance (generally recommended to be more than 10 meters) needs to be maintained between each level of SPD to utilize line impedance for energy coordination. If the distance is insufficient, decoupling components (such as dedicated decoupling inductors or appropriate fuses\/circuit breakers) are required to ensure that each level of SPD operates in a coordinated sequence.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>Example Of Spd Configuration In Typical Industrial Scenarios<\/h4>\r\n<div>Scenario: Automated Production Line Control Center<\/div>\r\n<div>Main Distribution Room (MDB): Install Type 1+2 SPDs to protect the power input to the entire building.<\/div>\r\n<div>Production Line Control Cabinet (SDB): Install Type 2 SPDs to protect the power supply to core control units such as PLCs and frequency converters.<\/div>\r\n<div>PLC I\/O Module Front: Install signal SPDs on control signal lines (e.g., 24V DC).<\/div>\r\n<div>Engineer Workstation: Use Type 3 SPD socket boards on the sockets to protect the computer and programmer.<\/div>\r\n<div>Workshop Network Switch: Install Ethernet SPDs on the network ports.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>FAQ<\/h2>\r\n<div><strong>How To Select The Appropriate SPD Type Based On Site Conditions?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div>Step 1: Determine the installation location. Select T1 or T1+2 for the main incoming line cabinet; T2 for the distribution cabinet; and T3 for the equipment front end.<\/div>\r\n<div>Step 2: Check key parameters. The maximum continuous operating voltage (Uc) must be greater than the highest voltage that may occur in the local power grid; the nominal discharge current (In) and maximum discharge current (Imax) must meet the lightning protection level (LPL) requirements of the installation point; the voltage protection level (Up) should be lower than the withstand voltage value of the protected equipment.<\/div>\r\n<div>Step 3: Consider other factors, such as the power supply system (AC\/DC), installation method (modular\/box-type), status indication, and remote signaling function requirements.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div><strong>Daily Inspection And Maintenance Of Industrial SPD<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div>Regular visual inspection: Check the SPD for physical damage, such as cracks or burn marks.<\/div>\r\n<div>Observe the status indicator: Most SPDs have a color-coded window (green\/red) indicator. Green indicates normal operation, and red indicates failure, requiring immediate replacement.<\/div>\r\n<div>Keep a maintenance log: Record the installation date, initial inspection date, and subsequent inspection details. Even when in normal condition, SPDs have a limited lifespan; it is recommended to inspect or replace them periodically (e.g., every 3-5 years) or after a major surge event.<\/div>\r\n<div>Professional testing: Use specialized instruments to measure the leakage current of the varistor and assess for performance degradation.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div><strong>Can Surge Protection Devices Prevent Circuit Breakers From Tripping?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div>The primary function of an SPD is to prevent equipment from being damaged by overvoltage, not to prevent circuit breakers from tripping.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\r\n<div>Understanding the technical principles and application scenarios of different types of industrial surge protection devices (SPD) (t1, t2, t3), and combining them with comprehensive protection of power and signal lines, we can build an effective hierarchical (step-by-step) protection system.<\/div>"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/2231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/fi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=2231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}