{"id":797,"date":"2023-12-19T16:31:05","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T08:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=797"},"modified":"2024-09-05T16:36:33","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T08:36:33","slug":"surge-protector-faq","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/blog\/surge-protector-faq\/","title":{"rendered":"Preguntas frecuentes sobre protectores contra sobretensiones"},"content":{"rendered":"\u00bfLos protectores contra sobretensiones duran para siempre?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNo, no lo hacen. Cada vez que un protector contra sobretensiones desv\u00eda una sobretensi\u00f3n lejos de su equipo conectado, la estructura interna del protector sufre un peque\u00f1o da\u00f1o. Con el tiempo, las piezas del protector contra sobretensiones que mantienen seguro el equipo conectado simplemente dejan de funcionar. El tiempo que esto lleve depende de la frecuencia y la intensidad de las sobretensiones.\r\n\r\n\u00bfLas protecciones existentes como MCB, ELCB, etc. no son suficientes para proteger contra sobretensiones?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAll the existing protecting devices like MCB, ELCB etc. are current sensitive devices. They get activated based on a fault current. These devices are triggered when the fault current persists for duration of more than 3 to 20 milliseconds. However, the surge typically lasts for a few micro seconds only during which time it causes all the damage.\r\n\r\nHence the conventional devices like MCB, ELCB fuses etc. are not effective in protection against surges. In view of the above, special equipment called surge protection device which has a response time of two nanoseconds is required to be installed to protect against the surges.\r\n\r\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 es una subida de tensi\u00f3n?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nUna subida de tensi\u00f3n es un pico en la corriente el\u00e9ctrica que fluye a trav\u00e9s de los cables de su casa. Pueden da\u00f1ar electrodom\u00e9sticos comunes, componentes electr\u00f3nicos AV sensibles y equipos inform\u00e1ticos.\r\n\r\n\u00bfCu\u00e1les son las diferentes tecnolog\u00edas utilizadas en los SPD?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAlgunas de las tecnolog\u00edas populares utilizadas en los SPD son las siguientes:\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. i) Tubos de descarga de gas<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. ii) Varistores de \u00f3xido met\u00e1lico<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\niii) Descarga de chispas\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. iv) diodo Zener<\/li>\r\n \t
    2. v) Diodos de avalancha de silicio<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nEntre ellos, los tubos de descarga de gas, los varistores de \u00f3xido met\u00e1lico y los descargadores de chispas son los tipos m\u00e1s populares de descargadores de sobretensiones.\r\n\r\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 causa una subida de tensi\u00f3n?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nLa mayor\u00eda de las sobretensiones provienen del interior de su hogar. Las sobretensiones son causadas por muchos factores diferentes, incluido el clima severo, cableado el\u00e9ctrico defectuoso o da\u00f1ado o el encendido y apagado repentino de un dispositivo el\u00e9ctrico de alta potencia como un aire acondicionado o un motor el\u00e9ctrico grande.\r\n\r\n\u00bfSe deben seleccionar las clasificaciones de los SPD dependiendo de la corriente de l\u00ednea?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGeneralmente, los SPD instalados en el circuito de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica est\u00e1n conectados en paralelo y, por lo tanto, ser\u00e1n independientes de la corriente de carga (l\u00ednea).\r\n\r\n\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 preocuparse por las subidas de tensi\u00f3n?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nLas fuertes sobretensiones pueden acabar con el equipo de su hogar en un instante. Adem\u00e1s de los aumentos repentinos causados \u200b\u200bpor las tormentas, el hogar promedio puede experimentar m\u00faltiples aumentos repentinos \u201cocultos\u201d al d\u00eda provenientes de otras fuentes diversas. Estas sobretensiones m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as causan da\u00f1os acumulativos a los dispositivos electr\u00f3nicos, acortando su vida \u00fatil y, finalmente, provocando que fallen.\r\n\r\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo determinar qu\u00e9 tipos de SPD se instalar\u00e1n en un lugar determinado?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nLa selecci\u00f3n de SPD en una ubicaci\u00f3n determinada depende de:\r\n
        \r\n \t
      1. a) La topograf\u00eda del lugar en cuanto a la ca\u00edda de rayos.<\/li>\r\n \t
      2. b) Susceptibilidad a sobretensiones de conmutaci\u00f3n en t\u00e9rminos de proximidad a grandes cargas\/conexi\u00f3n a un alimentador rural, etc.<\/li>\r\n \t
      3. c) Sensibilidad de los equipos conectados al circuito.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nNormally SPDs with Class-B & C are installed at the main panels and SPDs with Class-C rate are installed at the sub panels. The ratings for class-B, SPDs shall be a minimum of 12.5 KA Iimp.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-C (Imax. rating), it should be, a minimum of 40 kA at the sub panels.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-D SPDs which are installed near sensitive equipment, the criteria shall be the residual voltage or the protection level which should be lower than the temporary over voltage withstanding capacity of the protected equipment.\r\n\r\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 hace un protector contra sobretensiones?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nUn protector contra sobretensiones protege los dispositivos electr\u00f3nicos de los efectos nocivos de las sobretensiones y los picos de voltaje. Los protectores contra sobretensiones pueden absorber y disipar la potencia de una sobretensi\u00f3n para que el equipo conectado quede protegido contra la sobretensi\u00f3n.\r\n\r\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo se sabe que el SPD instalado est\u00e1 funcionando?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDado que los SPD siempre est\u00e1n conectados en paralelo al circuito el\u00e9ctrico, durante el funcionamiento normal no es posible saber si est\u00e1n en condiciones de funcionar o no. Por lo tanto, es necesario disponer de una indicaci\u00f3n local y remota mediante contacto el\u00e9ctrico para conocer y controlar la salubridad del SPD.\r\n\r\n\u00bfEs necesario tener puesta a tierra separada para los SPD?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNo es necesario tener una conexi\u00f3n a tierra separada o dedicada para los SPD. Los DPS deben estar siempre conectados a la red general de tierra.\r\n\r\n\u00bfEs necesario un buen sistema de puesta a tierra para el funcionamiento eficiente del SPD?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTodos los SPD funcionan desviando el exceso de energ\u00eda al suelo. Por lo tanto, es imperativo que el sistema de puesta a tierra conectado al SPD est\u00e9 en condiciones de funcionamiento eficiente para que la sobrecorriente pueda fluir a tierra sin ning\u00fan obst\u00e1culo.\r\n\r\n\u00bfHay SPD disponibles para aplicaciones distintas al circuito el\u00e9ctrico, como l\u00edneas telef\u00f3nicas, l\u00edneas de datos, etc.?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nCiertamente, los SPD est\u00e1n disponibles para todos los circuitos, como l\u00edneas telef\u00f3nicas, l\u00edneas de datos, l\u00edneas Ethernet, l\u00edneas de se\u00f1al, etc. En todos estos circuitos, los SPD est\u00e1n conectados en serie.\r\n\r\n\u00bfSon los SPD primarios por s\u00ed solos suficientes para proteger el equipo?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNo, desde una instalaci\u00f3n peque\u00f1a hasta una instalaci\u00f3n grande, generalmente es necesario adoptar un enfoque en cascada o en capas donde se instala protecci\u00f3n primaria en el panel de entrada de servicio y protecci\u00f3n secundaria en los paneles derivados. Cada instalaci\u00f3n requiere un an\u00e1lisis individual para determinar la protecci\u00f3n adecuada para satisfacer las necesidades del equipo que se utiliza. Incluso puede ser necesario incluir SPD adicionales en el punto de uso si este equipo est\u00e1 ubicado a cierta distancia del panel de suministro. Un enfoque en cascadaEs recomendado por el IEEE y este tipo de enfoque proporcionar\u00e1 la protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones m\u00e1s efectiva en toda la instalaci\u00f3n. Para obtener m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre d\u00f3nde aplicar los SPD, seleccione el tipo de entorno que le interesa: industrial, comercial o residencial.\r\n\r\n\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 necesito un SPD cuando ya tengo un transformador de aislamiento?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nLos transformadores de aislamiento proporcionan muy buen rechazo en modo com\u00fan, pero no proporcionan un buen rechazo en modo diferencial (normal). En otras palabras, una sobretensi\u00f3n superpuesta por igual en los conductores de l\u00ednea (L) y neutro (N) ser\u00e1 rechazada por el transformador de aislamiento, mientras que una sobretensi\u00f3n que aparece de manera diferencial entre los conductores L y N pasar\u00e1 a trav\u00e9s del transformador. Adem\u00e1s, tenga en cuenta que la mayor\u00eda de los transitorios son generados por las cargas dentro de la instalaci\u00f3n, en el lado de carga de estos.transformadores. Para minimizar los efectos de estos transitorios generados internamente de un equipo a otro, se debe colocar un SPD.","protected":false},"featured_media":798,"parent":0,"menu_order":176,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[8],"class_list":["post-797","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-company-news"],"acf":{"des":"Do surge protectors last forever?No, they do not. Each time a surge protector reroutes a power surge away from your connected equipment, the internal structure of the protector takes a little bit of damage.","txt":"Do surge protectors last forever?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNo, they do not. Each time a surge protector reroutes a power surge away from your connected equipment, the internal structure of the protector takes a little bit of damage. Over time the parts of the surge protector that keep your connected equipment safe simply stop working. How long this takes depends on the frequency and strength of power surges.\r\n\r\nAre the existing protections like MCB, ELCB etc. not sufficient to protect against surges?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAll the existing protecting devices like MCB, ELCB etc. are current sensitive devices. They get activated based on a fault current. These devices are triggered when the fault current persists for duration of more than 3 to 20 milliseconds. However, the surge typically lasts for a few micro seconds only during which time it causes all the damage.\r\n\r\nHence the conventional devices like MCB, ELCB fuses etc. are not effective in protection against surges. In view of the above, special equipment called surge protection device which has a response time of two nanoseconds is required to be installed to protect against the surges.\r\n\r\nWhat is a power surge?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA power surge is a spike in the electrical current flowing through the wires of your house. They can damage common appliances, sensitive AV electronics and computer equipment.\r\n\r\nWhat are the different technologies used in SPDs?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSome of the popular technologies used in SPDs are the following:\r\n
          \r\n \t
        1. i) Gas discharge tubes<\/li>\r\n \t
        2. ii) Metal oxide varistors<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\niii) Spark gap\r\n
            \r\n \t
          1. iv) Zener diode<\/li>\r\n \t
          2. v) Silicon Avalanche diodes<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nAmong these, gas discharge tubes, metal oxide varistors and spark gap are the most popular types of surge arresters.\r\n\r\nWhat causes a power surge?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMost power surges stem from inside your home. Power surges are caused by many different factors, including severe weather, faulty or damaged electric wiring or the sudden turning on and off of a high power electrical device like an air conditioner or large electric motor.\r\n\r\nAre the SPDs ratings to be selected depending on the line current?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGenerally, the SPDs installed on the electrical Power circuit are connected in parallel and hence will be independent of load (line) current.\r\n\r\nWhy worry about power surges?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nStrong power surges can wipe out your home equipment in an instant. In addition to surges caused by storms, the average home can experience multiple \u201chidden\u201d surges a day from other various sources. These smaller surges cause cumulative damage to electronics, shortening their life and eventually causing them to fail.\r\n\r\nHow to determine what types of SPDs are to be installed at a given location?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe selection of SPDs at a given location depends on:\r\n
              \r\n \t
            1. a) The topography of the location in terms of lightning strikes.<\/li>\r\n \t
            2. b) Susceptibility to switching surges in terms of proximity to large loads \/ connected to rural feeder etc.<\/li>\r\n \t
            3. c) Sensitivity of the equipment connected to the circuit.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nNormally SPDs with Class-B & C are installed at the main panels and SPDs with Class-C rate are installed at the sub panels. The ratings for class-B, SPDs shall be a minimum of 12.5 KA Iimp.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-C (Imax. rating), it should be, a minimum of 40 kA at the sub panels.\r\n\r\nFor the Class-D SPDs which are installed near sensitive equipment, the criteria shall be the residual voltage or the protection level which should be lower than the temporary over voltage withstanding capacity of the protected equipment.\r\n\r\nWhat does a surge protector do?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA surge protector safeguards electronics from the harmful effects of power surges and voltage spikes. Surge protectors can absorb and dissipate the power of a surge so that connected equipment is shielded from the surge.\r\n\r\nHow does one know the SPD installed is working?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSince the SPDs are always connected in parallel to the electrical circuit, during the normal course it is not possible to know whether they are in working condition or not. Hence it is necessary to have a local and remote indication using electrical contact in order to know and monitor the healthiness of the SPD.\r\n\r\nIs it necessary for having separate grounding for SPDs?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIt is not necessary to have a separate or dedicated grounding for SPDs. The SPDs should always be connected to the general earth grid.\r\n\r\nIs a good earthing system necessary for efficient working of the SPD?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAll SPDs work by diverting the excess energy to the ground. Hence it is imperative that the earthing system connected to the SPD must be in efficient working condition so that the surge current can flow to the earth without any hindrance.\r\n\r\nAre SPDs available for applications other than the electrical circuit like telephone lines, data lines etc.?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSPDs are certainly available for every circuit like telephone lines, data lines, Ethernet lines, signal lines etc. In all these circuits SPDs are connected in series.\r\n\r\nAre primary SPDs alone sufficient for equipment protection?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNo, from a small facility to a large facility, it is usually necessary to adopt a cascaded or layered approach where primary protection is installed at the service entrance panel, and secondary protection at branch panels. Each facility requires individual analysis to determine the right protection to meet the needs of the equipment being used. It can even be necessary to include additional point-of-use SPDs if this equipment is located some distance from the supplying panel. A cascaded approach is recommended by the IEEE and this type of approach will provide the most effective surge protection throughout a facility. For more information on where to apply SPDs, select the type of environment you\u2019re interested in: industrial, commercial, or residential.\r\n\r\nWhy do I need an SPD when I already have an isolation transformer?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIsolation transformers provide very good common mode rejection but do not provide good differential (normal) mode rejection. In other words, a surge superimposed equally on both the line (L) and neutral (N) conductors will see rejection by the isolation transformer, while a surge appearing differentially between the L and N conductors will pass through the transformer. Also, keep in mind the majority of transients are being generated by the loads within the facility, on the load side of these transformers. To minimize the effects of these internally generated transients from one piece of equipment to another an SPD should be placed."},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}