{"id":758,"date":"2023-12-19T20:49:46","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T12:49:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=758"},"modified":"2024-09-05T16:35:18","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T08:35:18","slug":"low-voltage-power-supply-systems","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/blog\/low-voltage-power-supply-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Sistemas de suministro de energ\u00eda de bajo voltaje"},"content":{"rendered":"Terminolog\u00eda IEC<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInternational standard IEC 60364 distinguishes three families of earthing arrangements, using the two-letter codes TN, TT, and IT.\r\n\r\nThe first letter indicates the connection between earth and the power-supply equipment (generator or transformer):\r\n\r\n\u201cT\u201d \u2014 Direct connection of a point with earth\r\n\r\n\u201cI\u201d \u2014 No point is connected with earth, except perhaps via high impedance.\r\n\r\nThe second letter indicates the connection between earth or network and the electrical device being supplied:\r\n\r\n\u201cT\u201d \u2014 Earth connection is by a local direct connection to earth, usually via a ground rod.\r\n\r\n\u201cN\u201d \u2014 the earth connection is supplied by the electricity supply network, either separately to the neutral conductor (TN-S), combined with the neutral conductor (TN-C), or both (TN-C-S). These are discussed below.\r\n\r\nTipos de redes TN<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn a TN earthing system, one of the points in the generator or transformer is connected with earth, usually the star point in a three-phase system. The body of the electrical device is connected with earth via this earth connection at the transformer. This arrangement is a current standard for residential and industrial electric systems particularly in Europe.\r\n\r\nThe conductor that connects the exposed metallic parts of the consumer\u2019s electrical installation is called protective earth (PE; see also: Ground). The conductor that connects to the star point in a three-phase system, or that carries the return current in a single-phase system, is called neutral (N). Three variants of TN systems are distinguished:\r\n\r\nTN-S<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPE y N son conductores separados que est\u00e1n conectados entre s\u00ed s\u00f3lo cerca de la fuente de alimentaci\u00f3n.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTN-C<\/strong>\r\n\r\nUn conductor PEN combinado cumple las funciones tanto de un conductor PE como de un conductor N. (En sistemas de 230\/400 V normalmente s\u00f3lo se utilizan para redes de distribuci\u00f3n)\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTN-C-S<\/strong>\r\n\r\nParte del sistema utiliza un conductor PEN combinado, que en alg\u00fan momento se divide en l\u00edneas PE y N separadas. El conductor PEN combinado normalmente se produce entre la subestaci\u00f3n y el punto de entrada al edificio, y la tierra y el neutro est\u00e1n separados en el cabezal de servicio. En el Reino Unido, este sistema tambi\u00e9n se conoce como puesta a tierra m\u00faltiple de protecci\u00f3n (PME), debido a la pr\u00e1ctica de conectar el conductor combinado de neutro y tierra a trav\u00e9s de la ruta m\u00e1s corta posible a las picas de tierra locales en la fuente.y a intervalos a lo largo de las redes de distribuci\u00f3n hacia cada local, para proporcionar tanto la puesta a tierra del sistema como la puesta a tierra del equipo en cada una de estas ubicaciones. Sistemas similares en Australia y Nueva Zelanda se designan como neutro con conexi\u00f3n a tierra m\u00faltiple (MEN) y, en Am\u00e9rica del Norte, como neutro con conexi\u00f3n a tierra m\u00faltiple (MGN).\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nred TT<\/strong>\r\n\r\nEn un sistema de puesta a tierra TT, la conexi\u00f3n a tierra de protecci\u00f3n para el consumidor la proporciona un electrodo de tierra local y hay otro instalado de forma independiente en el generador. No hay ning\u00fan \u2018cable de tierra\u2019 entre los dos. La impedancia del bucle de falla es mayor y, a menos que la impedancia del electrodo sea muy baja, una instalaci\u00f3n TT siempre debe tener un RCD (GFCI) como primer aislador.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nred inform\u00e1tica<\/strong>\r\n\r\nEn una red inform\u00e1tica, el sistema de distribuci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica no tiene ninguna conexi\u00f3n a tierra o s\u00f3lo tiene una conexi\u00f3n de alta impedancia.\r\n\r\n\"\"","protected":false},"featured_media":780,"parent":0,"menu_order":183,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[8],"class_list":["post-758","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-company-news"],"acf":{"des":"International standard IEC 60364 distinguishes three families of earthing arrangements, using the two-letter codes TN, TT, and IT.","txt":"IEC terminology<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInternational standard IEC 60364 distinguishes three families of earthing arrangements, using the two-letter codes TN, TT, and IT.\r\n\r\nThe first letter indicates the connection between earth and the power-supply equipment (generator or transformer):\r\n\r\n\u201cT\u201d \u2014 Direct connection of a point with earth\r\n\r\n\u201cI\u201d \u2014 No point is connected with earth, except perhaps via high impedance.\r\n\r\nThe second letter indicates the connection between earth or network and the electrical device being supplied:\r\n\r\n\u201cT\u201d \u2014 Earth connection is by a local direct connection to earth, usually via a ground rod.\r\n\r\n\u201cN\u201d \u2014 the earth connection is supplied by the electricity supply network, either separately to the neutral conductor (TN-S), combined with the neutral conductor (TN-C), or both (TN-C-S). These are discussed below.\r\n\r\nTypes of TN networks<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn a TN earthing system, one of the points in the generator or transformer is connected with earth, usually the star point in a three-phase system. The body of the electrical device is connected with earth via this earth connection at the transformer. This arrangement is a current standard for residential and industrial electric systems particularly in Europe.\r\n\r\nThe conductor that connects the exposed metallic parts of the consumer\u2019s electrical installation is called protective earth (PE; see also: Ground). The conductor that connects to the star point in a three-phase system, or that carries the return current in a single-phase system, is called neutral (N). Three variants of TN systems are distinguished:\r\n\r\nTN\u2212S<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPE and N are separate conductors that are connected together only near the power source.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTN\u2212C<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA combined PEN conductor fulfills the functions of both a PE and an N conductor. (On 230\/400 V systems normally only used for distribution networks)\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTN\u2212C\u2212S<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPart of the system uses a combined PEN conductor, which is at some point split up into separate PE and N lines. The combined PEN conductor typically occurs between the substation and the entry point into the building, and earth and neutral are separated in the service head. In the UK, this system is also known as protective multiple earthing (PME), because of the practice of connecting the combined neutral-and-earth conductor via the shortest practicable route to local earth rods at the source and at intervals along the distribution networks to each premises, to provide both system earthing and equipment earthing at each of these locations. Similar systems in Australia and New Zealand are designated as multiple earthed neutral (MEN) and, in North America, as multi-grounded neutral (MGN).\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTT network<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn a TT earthing system, the protective earth connection for the consumer is provided by a local earth electrode, and there is another independently installed at the generator. There is no \u2018earth wire\u2019 between the two. The fault loop impedance is higher, and unless the electrode impedance is very low indeed, a TT installation should always have an RCD (GFCI) as its first isolator.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nIT network<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn an IT network, the electrical distribution system has no connection to earth at all, or it has only a high-impedance connection.\r\n\r\n\"\""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}