{"id":2231,"date":"2025-10-31T09:43:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T01:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=2231"},"modified":"2025-11-03T16:21:24","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T08:21:24","slug":"types-of-industrial-surge-protection-devices-and-graded-protection-strategies","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/blog\/types-of-industrial-surge-protection-devices-and-graded-protection-strategies\/","title":{"rendered":"Tipos de dispositivos de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones industriales y estrategias de protecci\u00f3n graduadas"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>Este art\u00edculo presentar\u00e1 sistem\u00e1ticamente los tipos, m\u00e9todos de clasificaci\u00f3n y c\u00f3mo construir un sistema de protecci\u00f3n gradual eficaz para <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/products\/\"><strong>protectores contra sobretensiones industriales (SPD)<\/strong><\/a>.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Clasificaci\u00f3n por principio t\u00e9cnico y capacidad de descarga.<\/h2>\r\n<div>Este es el m\u00e9todo de clasificaci\u00f3n principal de los SPD, que determina directamente sus escenarios de aplicaci\u00f3n y niveles de protecci\u00f3n, y generalmente se basa en est\u00e1ndares internacionales como IEC 61643.<\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/product\/br-25m-4p-type-1-25ka-surge-arrester-for-tns\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1601\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1601\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/BR-25M-4P.jpg\" alt=\"Dispositivo de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones contra rayos BR-25M 4P tipo 1 25kA\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Tipo 1 (Tipo 1\/T1): Descarga de energ\u00eda<\/h3>\r\n<div><strong>Principio t\u00e9cnico: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/type-1-lightning-surge-protection-device\/\">Dispositivos de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones tipo 1<\/a> Normalmente utiliza una v\u00eda de chispas como componente principal. Su principal caracter\u00edstica es su alta capacidad de descarga de sobrecorriente.<\/div>\r\n<div><strong>Capacidad de descarga: <\/strong>Capaz de resistir y liberar rayos directos o corrientes parciales de rayos (simulando una forma de onda de 10\/350 \u00b5s); Las corrientes de prueba normalmente pueden alcanzar decenas de kiloamperios.<\/div>\r\n<div><strong>Escenarios de aplicaci\u00f3n: <\/strong>Primarily installed at the entrance of the building's main distribution cabinet (MDB) as a primary protection device to release lightning current from external lines (e.g., power lines).<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/product\/br-20-4p-type-2-20ka-surge-protective-device-for-tns\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1709\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1709\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/BR-20-4P-1.jpg\" alt=\"Dispositivo de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones BR-20 4P tipo 2 20kA para TNS\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Tipo 2 (Tipo 2\/T2): Limitador de voltaje<\/h3>\r\n<div>Principio t\u00e9cnico: el componente central es un varistor (MOV). Bajo voltaje normal, el MOV exhibe una alta resistencia; cuando se produce una sobretensi\u00f3n, su resistencia cae bruscamente, evitando la corriente y fijando el voltaje a un nivel seguro.<\/div>\r\n<div>Capacidad de descarga: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/type-2-surge-protective-device\/\">Dispositivos de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones tipo 2<\/a> Se utiliza para descargar rayos inducidos y sobretensiones operativas (simulando una forma de onda de 8\/20 \u00b5s), con una capacidad de descarga que normalmente oscila entre varios miles y decenas de miles de amperios.<\/div>\r\n<div>Escenarios de aplicaci\u00f3n: Instalado aguas abajo del gabinete de distribuci\u00f3n principal en el gabinete de distribuci\u00f3n (panel de distribuci\u00f3n, SDB) o antes del gabinete de control de equipos importantes, sirviendo como protecci\u00f3n secundaria para brindar protecci\u00f3n a la mayor\u00eda de los equipos el\u00e9ctricos.<\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/product\/br-230-type-3-surge-protector\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1198\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1198\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/BR-230.jpg\" alt=\"Protector contra sobretensiones tipo 3 BR-230\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Tipo 3 (Tipo 3\/T3): Protecci\u00f3n avanzada<\/h3>\r\n<div>Principio t\u00e9cnico: normalmente emplea MOV, tubos de descarga de gas o diodos TVS m\u00e1s finos, lo que da como resultado una respuesta extremadamente r\u00e1pida y un voltaje residual m\u00e1s bajo (nivel de protecci\u00f3n).<\/div>\r\n<div>Capacidad de descarga: La capacidad de descarga es relativamente peque\u00f1a y se utiliza principalmente para suprimir a\u00fan m\u00e1s la sobretensi\u00f3n residual.<\/div>\r\n<div>Escenarios de aplicaci\u00f3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/product_category\/type-3-surge-protector\/\">Dispositivos de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones tipo 3<\/a> installed very close to the protected equipment, such as in the equipment's socket or socket board, for fine protection. It usually needs to be used in conjunction with a Type 2 SPD and cannot be installed alone.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/product\/br-12-5m-4p-12-5ka-type-12-surge-protective-device-for-tns\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1637\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1637\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/BR-12.5M-4P-1.jpg\" alt=\"BR-12.5M 4P 12.5kA Dispositivo de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones tipo 1+2 para TNS\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Spd Combinado (Tipo 1+2): Soluci\u00f3n Integrada<\/h3>\r\n<div>Principio t\u00e9cnico: Este dispositivo integra un v\u00eda de chispas Tipo 1 y un varistor Tipo 2, ofreciendo las ventajas de una alta capacidad de descarga y un bajo nivel de protecci\u00f3n.<\/div>\r\n<div>Escenarios de aplicaci\u00f3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/type-1-2-lightning-surge-arrester\/\">Dispositivos de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones SPD combinados (Tipo 1+2)<\/a> Adecuado para aplicaciones con espacio limitado o que requieren un dise\u00f1o simplificado. Se puede instalar directamente en el gabinete de distribuci\u00f3n principal en la entrada del edificio, brindando protecci\u00f3n combinada de primer y segundo nivel.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Clasificaci\u00f3n ampliada de dispositivos de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones industriales<\/h2>\r\n<div>Adem\u00e1s de los tipos de tecnolog\u00eda central, los DPS industriales tambi\u00e9n se pueden clasificar seg\u00fan otras dimensiones.<\/div>\r\n<h3>Clasificaci\u00f3n por tipo de fuente de energ\u00eda<\/h3>\r\n<div>SPD de fuente de alimentaci\u00f3n de CA: se utiliza para proteger sistemas de suministro de energ\u00eda de CA, como redes el\u00e9ctricas industriales de 380 V\/220 V.<\/div>\r\n<div>SPD de fuente de alimentaci\u00f3n de CC: se utiliza para proteger sistemas de suministro de energ\u00eda de CC, como sistemas de generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda fotovoltaica, variadores de motor de CC y fuentes de alimentaci\u00f3n de estaciones base de comunicaci\u00f3n.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>SPD de alimentaci\u00f3n de CA versus SPD de alimentaci\u00f3n de CC<\/h4>\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Caracter\u00edstica<\/th>\r\n<th>SPD de alimentaci\u00f3n de CA<\/th>\r\n<th>SPD de alimentaci\u00f3n CC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Aplicaci\u00f3n primaria<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Cuadros el\u00e9ctricos principales, subpaneles, circuitos derivados en viviendas, oficinas e instalaciones industriales.<\/td>\r\n<td>Paneles solares fotovoltaicos, sistemas de almacenamiento de bater\u00edas, estaciones de carga de veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos, telecomunicaciones, automoci\u00f3n, transporte mar\u00edtimo y p\u00fablico.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Voltaje del sistema<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Sigue voltajes de CA est\u00e1ndar (por ejemplo, 120 V, 230 V, 400 V, 480 V).<\/td>\r\n<td>Altamente variable (por ejemplo, 12 V, 24 V, 48 V para bater\u00edas; 600 V a 1500 V para cadenas solares).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Comportamiento actual<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Corriente alterna.<\/strong>\u00a0El voltaje cruza cero 100 o 120 veces por segundo. esto ayuda\u00a0<strong>extinguir un arco el\u00e9ctrico<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Corriente continua.<\/strong>\u00a0El voltaje es constante y no cruza cero. Esto hace\u00a0<strong>Arqueando mucho m\u00e1s sostenido y peligroso.<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Desaf\u00edo de dise\u00f1o clave<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Gesti\u00f3n de sobretensiones transitorias. El cruce por cero de CA naturalmente ayuda a interrumpir la corriente de seguimiento.<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Supresi\u00f3n de arco.<\/strong>\u00a0The primary challenge is to safely quench the \"follow current\" from the DC source after a surge event without the SPD catching fire.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Tecnolog\u00eda interna y componentes<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Utiliza principalmente\u00a0<strong>Varistores de \u00f3xido met\u00e1lico (MOV)<\/strong>\u00a0y, a veces, tubos de descarga de gas (GDT). Los dise\u00f1os son relativamente sencillos.<\/td>\r\n<td>Utiliza m\u00e1s robusto\u00a0<strong>MOV<\/strong>\u00a0con c\u00e1maras\/rellenos especiales de extinci\u00f3n de arco. Mayor dependencia de\u00a0<strong>GDT<\/strong>\u00a0Dise\u00f1ado espec\u00edficamente para CC, que puede manejar de forma segura el voltaje continuo de CC sin fugas.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Clasificaci\u00f3n de voltaje (Uc)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Clasificado para funcionamiento continuo en voltajes CA RMS est\u00e1ndar (por ejemplo, 275 V, 320 V, 440 V).<\/td>\r\n<td>Clasificado para funcionamiento continuo al voltaje espec\u00edfico del sistema de CC (por ejemplo, 1000 V CC, 1500 V CC).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Desconexi\u00f3n y seguridad<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>A menudo incluye seccionadores t\u00e9rmicos para fallar de forma segura un MOV que ha sido degradado por muchas sobretensiones.<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Cr\u00edtico y m\u00e1s robusto.<\/strong>\u00a0Requiere mecanismos de falla avanzados para desconectar f\u00edsicamente el SPD de la fuente de CC de manera segura, ya que un arco de CC sostenido representa un riesgo importante de incendio.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Est\u00e1ndares de certificaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>UL 1449 (Norteam\u00e9rica), IEC 61643-11 (internacional).<\/td>\r\n<td>UL 1449 (para aplicaciones de CC espec\u00edficas), IEC 61643-11, UL 497B y est\u00e1ndares espec\u00edficos para sistemas fotovoltaicos como IEC 62548.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3>Clasificaci\u00f3n por tipo de se\u00f1al<\/h3>\r\n<div>Los entornos industriales contienen no s\u00f3lo l\u00edneas el\u00e9ctricas sino tambi\u00e9n numerosas l\u00edneas de se\u00f1ales y control. Los SPD de se\u00f1al est\u00e1n dise\u00f1ados espec\u00edficamente para proteger estas l\u00edneas de bajo voltaje, como:<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf SPD de red\/Ethernet<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf SPD de puerto serie RS-232\/485\/422<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf SPD de E\/S anal\u00f3gica\/digital<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf Cable Coaxial SPD (utilizado para videovigilancia, antenas, etc.)<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3>Clasificaci\u00f3n por estructura de montaje<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Dispositivos de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones enchufables<\/h4>\r\n<div>Parece un adaptador y se conecta directamente a un enchufe de pared. Se utiliza principalmente para proteger un solo dispositivo y pertenece al Tipo 3.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>Dispositivos modulares de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones<\/h4>\r\n<div>El dise\u00f1o modular est\u00e1ndar permite montarlo en un riel DIN en un gabinete de distribuci\u00f3n, como un disyuntor. Esta es la forma m\u00e1s com\u00fan en aplicaciones industriales, facilitando la instalaci\u00f3n, reemplazo y monitoreo de condici\u00f3n (a trav\u00e9s de contactos de se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n remota). Los tipos 1 y 2 son en su mayor\u00eda de este tipo.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>Dispositivos de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones tipo caja<\/h4>\r\n<div>Los m\u00f3dulos SPD, fusibles o disyuntores est\u00e1n integrados en una \u00fanica carcasa protectora, que se utiliza com\u00fanmente en cajas de equipos de campo o exteriores.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>\u00bfC\u00f3mo construir un sistema de protecci\u00f3n escalonado (escalonado)?<\/h2>\r\n<div>Un \u00fanico SPD no puede proporcionar una protecci\u00f3n perfecta, por lo que se requiere una estrategia de protecci\u00f3n escalonada (o escalonada).<\/div>\r\n<h4>Principio de protecci\u00f3n escalonada<\/h4>\r\n<div>The core concept of graded protection is \"step-by-step discharge and layer-by-layer clamping.\"<\/div>\r\n<div>Nivel 1 (Tipo 1\/Tipo 1+2): en la l\u00ednea entrante principal, absorbe y descarga la gran mayor\u00eda de la sobretensi\u00f3n masiva, limitando las sobretensiones de varios kilovoltios a un nivel inferior (por ejemplo, 1500-2500 V).<\/div>\r\n<div>Nivel 2 (Tipo 2): en el panel de distribuci\u00f3n, descarga a\u00fan m\u00e1s las sobretensiones residuales que han penetrado el Nivel 1 y fija el voltaje a un nivel m\u00e1s seguro (por ejemplo, 1000-1500 V).<\/div>\r\n<div>Nivel 3 (Tipo 3): En la parte frontal del equipo, proporciona la supresi\u00f3n final de sobretensiones residuales menores, ofreciendo el voltaje residual m\u00e1s bajo posible (normalmente por debajo de 1000 V), garantizando la seguridad absoluta de los puertos de los equipos de precisi\u00f3n.<\/div>\r\n<div>Es necesario mantener una cierta distancia de l\u00ednea (generalmente recomendada m\u00e1s de 10 metros) entre cada nivel de SPD para utilizar la impedancia de l\u00ednea para la coordinaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda. Si la distancia es insuficiente, se requieren componentes de desacoplamiento (como inductores de desacoplamiento dedicados o fusibles\/disyuntores apropiados) para garantizar que cada nivel de SPD funcione en una secuencia coordinada.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>Ejemplo de configuraci\u00f3n Spd en escenarios industriales t\u00edpicos<\/h4>\r\n<div>Escenario: Centro de control de l\u00ednea de producci\u00f3n automatizado<\/div>\r\n<div>Sala de distribuci\u00f3n principal (MDB): Instale SPD tipo 1+2 para proteger la entrada de energ\u00eda a todo el edificio.<\/div>\r\n<div>Gabinete de control de l\u00ednea de producci\u00f3n (SDB): Instale SPD tipo 2 para proteger el suministro de energ\u00eda a las unidades de control centrales, como PLC y convertidores de frecuencia.<\/div>\r\n<div>Parte frontal del m\u00f3dulo de E\/S del PLC: Instale SPD de se\u00f1al en las l\u00edneas de se\u00f1al de control (por ejemplo, 24 V CC).<\/div>\r\n<div>Estaci\u00f3n de trabajo del ingeniero: utilice placas de enchufe SPD tipo 3 en los enchufes para proteger la computadora y el programador.<\/div>\r\n<div>Conmutador de red del taller: instale SPD Ethernet en los puertos de red.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Preguntas frecuentes<\/h2>\r\n<div><strong>\u00bfC\u00f3mo seleccionar el tipo de SPD apropiado seg\u00fan las condiciones del sitio?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div>Paso 1: determine la ubicaci\u00f3n de instalaci\u00f3n. Seleccione T1 o T1+2 para el gabinete de l\u00ednea entrante principal; T2 para el armario de distribuci\u00f3n; y T3 para el frontal del equipo.<\/div>\r\n<div>Paso 2: Verifique los par\u00e1metros clave. El voltaje m\u00e1ximo de operaci\u00f3n continua (Uc) debe ser mayor que el voltaje m\u00e1s alto que pueda ocurrir en la red el\u00e9ctrica local; la corriente de descarga nominal (In) y la corriente de descarga m\u00e1xima (Imax) deben cumplir con los requisitos del nivel de protecci\u00f3n contra rayos (LPL) del punto de instalaci\u00f3n; el nivel de protecci\u00f3n de voltaje (Arriba) debe ser inferior al valor de voltaje soportado del equipo protegido.<\/div>\r\n<div>Paso 3: Considere otros factores, como el sistema de suministro de energ\u00eda (CA\/CC), el m\u00e9todo de instalaci\u00f3n (modular\/tipo caja), la indicaci\u00f3n de estado y los requisitos de la funci\u00f3n de se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n remota.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n diaria y mantenimiento de SPD industrial.<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div>Inspecci\u00f3n visual peri\u00f3dica: verifique que el SPD no presente da\u00f1os f\u00edsicos, como grietas o marcas de quemaduras.<\/div>\r\n<div>Observe el indicador de estado: la mayor\u00eda de los SPD tienen un indicador de ventana codificado por colores (verde\/rojo). El verde indica funcionamiento normal y el rojo indica falla y requiere reemplazo inmediato.<\/div>\r\n<div>Mantenga un registro de mantenimiento: registre la fecha de instalaci\u00f3n, la fecha de inspecci\u00f3n inicial y los detalles de la inspecci\u00f3n posterior. Incluso en condiciones normales, los SPD tienen una vida \u00fatil limitada; se recomienda inspeccionarlos o reemplazarlos peri\u00f3dicamente (por ejemplo, cada 3 a 5 a\u00f1os) o despu\u00e9s de un evento de sobretensi\u00f3n importante.<\/div>\r\n<div>Pruebas profesionales: utilice instrumentos especializados para medir la corriente de fuga del varistor y evaluar la degradaci\u00f3n del rendimiento.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div><strong>\u00bfPueden los dispositivos de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones evitar que se disparen los disyuntores?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div>La funci\u00f3n principal de un SPD es evitar que el equipo se da\u00f1e por sobretensi\u00f3n, no evitar que se disparen los disyuntores.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\r\n<div>Al comprender los principios t\u00e9cnicos y los escenarios de aplicaci\u00f3n de diferentes tipos de dispositivos industriales de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones (SPD) (t1, t2, t3) y combinarlos con una protecci\u00f3n integral de l\u00edneas de alimentaci\u00f3n y se\u00f1al, podemos construir un sistema de protecci\u00f3n jer\u00e1rquico (paso a paso) eficaz.<\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":1601,"parent":0,"menu_order":107,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[9],"class_list":["post-2231","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-industry-news"],"acf":{"des":"This article provides a detailed analysis of the Type 1\/2\/3 industrial surge protection devices (SPD) and their technical principles, explains how to construct an effective hierarchical (step-by-step) protection strategy to ensure the safety of industrial equipment, and answers common selection and maintenance questions.","txt":"<div>This article will systematically introduce the types, classification methods, and how to build an effective graded protection system for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/products\/\"><strong>industrial surge protectors (SPD)<\/strong><\/a>.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Classification By Technical Principle And Discharge Capacity<\/h2>\r\n<div>This is the core classification method for SPD, which directly determines their application scenarios and protection levels, and is usually based on international standards such as IEC 61643.<\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product\/br-25m-4p-type-1-25ka-surge-arrester-for-tns\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1601\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1601\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/BR-25M-4P.jpg\" alt=\"BR-25M 4P Type 1 25kA Lightning Surge Protection Device\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Type 1 (Type 1\/T1): Energy Discharge<\/h3>\r\n<div><strong>Technical Principle: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/type-1-lightning-surge-protection-device\/\">Type 1 surge protection devices<\/a> typically uses a spark gap as its core component. Its main characteristic is its high surge current discharge capability.<\/div>\r\n<div><strong>Discharge Capability: <\/strong>Capable of withstanding and releasing direct lightning strikes or partial lightning current (simulating a 10\/350\u00b5s waveform); test currents can typically reach tens of kiloamperes.<\/div>\r\n<div><strong>Application Scenarios: <\/strong>Primarily installed at the entrance of the building's main distribution cabinet (MDB) as a primary protection device to release lightning current from external lines (e.g., power lines).<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product\/br-20-4p-type-2-20ka-surge-protective-device-for-tns\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1709\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1709\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/BR-20-4P-1.jpg\" alt=\"BR-20 4P Type 2 20kA Surge Protective Device For TNS\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Type 2 (Type 2\/T2): Voltage Limiter<\/h3>\r\n<div>Technical Principle: The core component is a varistor (MOV). Under normal voltage, the MOV exhibits high resistance; when a surge overvoltage occurs, its resistance drops sharply, bypassing the current and clamping the voltage to a safe level.<\/div>\r\n<div>Discharge Capacity: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/type-2-surge-protective-device\/\">Type 2 surge protection devices<\/a> Used to discharge induced lightning strikes and operational overvoltages (simulating 8\/20\u00b5s waveform), with a discharge capacity typically ranging from several thousand to tens of thousands of amperes.<\/div>\r\n<div>Application Scenarios: Installed downstream of the main distribution cabinet in the distribution cabinet (distribution panel, SDB) or before the control cabinet of important equipment, serving as secondary protection to provide protection for most electrical equipment.<\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product\/br-230-type-3-surge-protector\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1198\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1198\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/BR-230.jpg\" alt=\"BR-230 Type 3 Surge Protector\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Type 3 (Type 3\/T3): Advanced Protection<\/h3>\r\n<div>Technical Principle: Typically employs finer MOVs, gas discharge tubes, or TVS diodes, resulting in extremely fast response and lower residual voltage (protection level).<\/div>\r\n<div>Discharge Capacity: The discharge capacity is relatively small, primarily used to further suppress residual surge voltage.<\/div>\r\n<div>Application Scenarios: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product_category\/type-3-surge-protector\/\">Type 3 surge protection devices<\/a> installed very close to the protected equipment, such as in the equipment's socket or socket board, for fine protection. It usually needs to be used in conjunction with a Type 2 SPD and cannot be installed alone.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product\/br-12-5m-4p-12-5ka-type-12-surge-protective-device-for-tns\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1637\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1637\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/BR-12.5M-4P-1.jpg\" alt=\"BR-12.5M 4P 12.5kA Type 1+2 Surge Protective Device For TNS\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a>\r\n<h3>Combined Spd (Type 1+2): Integrated Solution<\/h3>\r\n<div>Technical Principle: This device integrates a Type 1 spark gap and a Type 2 varistor, offering the advantages of high discharge capability and low protection level.<\/div>\r\n<div>Application Scenarios: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/type-1-2-lightning-surge-arrester\/\">Combined SPD (Type 1+2) surge protection devices<\/a> suitable for applications with limited space or requiring simplified design. It can be directly installed in the main distribution cabinet at the building entrance, providing combined first- and second-level protection.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Extended Classification Of Industrial Surge Protection Devices<\/h2>\r\n<div>In addition to core technology types, industrial SPDs can also be classified according to other dimensions.<\/div>\r\n<h3>Classification By Power Source Type<\/h3>\r\n<div>AC power supply SPD: Used to protect AC power supply systems, such as 380V\/220V industrial power grids.<\/div>\r\n<div>DC power supply SPD: Used to protect DC power supply systems, such as photovoltaic power generation systems, DC motor drives, and communication base station power supplies.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>AC Power SPD VS Dc Power SPD<\/h4>\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Feature<\/th>\r\n<th>AC Power SPD<\/th>\r\n<th>DC Power SPD<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Primary Application<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Main electrical panels, sub-panels, branch circuits in homes, offices, and industrial facilities.<\/td>\r\n<td>Solar PV arrays, battery storage systems, EV charging stations, telecommunications, automotive, marine, and public transport.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>System Voltage<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Follows standard AC voltages (e.g., 120V, 230V, 400V, 480V).<\/td>\r\n<td>Highly variable (e.g., 12V, 24V, 48V for batteries; 600V to 1500V for solar strings).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Current Behavior<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Alternating Current.<\/strong>\u00a0The voltage crosses zero 100 or 120 times per second. This helps\u00a0<strong>extinguish an electrical arc<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Direct Current.<\/strong>\u00a0The voltage is constant and does not cross zero. This makes\u00a0<strong>arcing much more sustained and dangerous<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Key Design Challenge<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Managing transient overvoltages. The zero-crossing of AC naturally helps interrupt follow current.<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Arc Suppression.<\/strong>\u00a0The primary challenge is to safely quench the \"follow current\" from the DC source after a surge event without the SPD catching fire.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Internal Technology &amp; Components<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Primarily uses\u00a0<strong>Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs)<\/strong>\u00a0and sometimes Gas Discharge Tubes (GDTs). Designs are relatively straightforward.<\/td>\r\n<td>Uses more robust\u00a0<strong>MOVs<\/strong>\u00a0with special arc-quenching chambers\/fillers. Heavier reliance on\u00a0<strong>GDTs<\/strong>\u00a0specifically designed for DC, which can safely handle the continuous DC voltage without leaking.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Voltage Rating (Uc)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Rated for continuous operation at standard AC RMS voltages (e.g., 275V, 320V, 440V).<\/td>\r\n<td>Rated for continuous operation at the specific DC system voltage (e.g., 1000V DC, 1500V DC).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Disconnection &amp; Safety<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Often includes thermal disconnectors to safely fail an MOV that has been degraded by many surges.<\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Critical and more robust.<\/strong>\u00a0Requires advanced failure mechanisms to physically disconnect the SPD from the DC source in a fail-safe manner, as a sustained DC arc is a major fire hazard.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Certification Standards<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>UL 1449 (North America), IEC 61643-11 (International).<\/td>\r\n<td>UL 1449 (for specific DC applications), IEC 61643-11, UL 497B, and specific standards for PV systems like IEC 62548.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3>Classification By Signal Type<\/h3>\r\n<div>Industrial environments contain not only power lines but also numerous signal and control lines. Signal SPDs are specifically designed to protect these low-voltage lines, such as:<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf Network\/Ethernet SPD<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf RS-232\/485\/422 Serial Port SPD<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf Analog\/Digital I\/O SPD<\/div>\r\n<div>\u25cf Coaxial Cable SPD (used for video surveillance, antennas, etc.)<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3>Classification By Mounting Structure<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Plug-In Surge Protective Devices<\/h4>\r\n<div>It looks like an adapter and plugs directly into a wall socket. It is mainly used to protect a single device and belongs to Type 3.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>Modular Surge Protective Devices<\/h4>\r\n<div>The standard modular design allows it to be mounted on a DIN rail in a distribution cabinet, just like a circuit breaker. This is the most common form in industrial applications, facilitating installation, replacement, and condition monitoring (via remote signaling contacts). Type 1 and Type 2 are mostly of this type.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>Box-Type Surge Protective Devices<\/h4>\r\n<div>SPD modules, fuses, or circuit breakers are integrated into a single protective enclosure, which is commonly used in outdoor or field equipment boxes.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>How To Build A Tiered (Stepped) Protection System?<\/h2>\r\n<div>A single SPD cannot provide perfect protection, so a tiered (or stepped) protection strategy is required.<\/div>\r\n<h4>Principle Of Tiered Protection<\/h4>\r\n<div>The core concept of graded protection is \"step-by-step discharge and layer-by-layer clamping.\"<\/div>\r\n<div>Level 1 (Type 1\/Type 1+2): At the main incoming line, it absorbs and discharges the vast majority of the massive surge energy, limiting overvoltages of several kilovolts to a lower level (e.g., 1500-2500V).<\/div>\r\n<div>Level 2 (Type 2): At the distribution panel, it further discharges residual surges that have penetrated Level 1 and clamps the voltage to a safer level (e.g., 1000-1500V).<\/div>\r\n<div>Level 3 (Type 3): At the front end of the equipment, it provides final suppression of minor residual surges, offering the lowest possible residual voltage (typically below 1000V), ensuring the absolute safety of precision equipment ports.<\/div>\r\n<div>A certain line distance (generally recommended to be more than 10 meters) needs to be maintained between each level of SPD to utilize line impedance for energy coordination. If the distance is insufficient, decoupling components (such as dedicated decoupling inductors or appropriate fuses\/circuit breakers) are required to ensure that each level of SPD operates in a coordinated sequence.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4>Example Of Spd Configuration In Typical Industrial Scenarios<\/h4>\r\n<div>Scenario: Automated Production Line Control Center<\/div>\r\n<div>Main Distribution Room (MDB): Install Type 1+2 SPDs to protect the power input to the entire building.<\/div>\r\n<div>Production Line Control Cabinet (SDB): Install Type 2 SPDs to protect the power supply to core control units such as PLCs and frequency converters.<\/div>\r\n<div>PLC I\/O Module Front: Install signal SPDs on control signal lines (e.g., 24V DC).<\/div>\r\n<div>Engineer Workstation: Use Type 3 SPD socket boards on the sockets to protect the computer and programmer.<\/div>\r\n<div>Workshop Network Switch: Install Ethernet SPDs on the network ports.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>FAQ<\/h2>\r\n<div><strong>How To Select The Appropriate SPD Type Based On Site Conditions?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div>Step 1: Determine the installation location. Select T1 or T1+2 for the main incoming line cabinet; T2 for the distribution cabinet; and T3 for the equipment front end.<\/div>\r\n<div>Step 2: Check key parameters. The maximum continuous operating voltage (Uc) must be greater than the highest voltage that may occur in the local power grid; the nominal discharge current (In) and maximum discharge current (Imax) must meet the lightning protection level (LPL) requirements of the installation point; the voltage protection level (Up) should be lower than the withstand voltage value of the protected equipment.<\/div>\r\n<div>Step 3: Consider other factors, such as the power supply system (AC\/DC), installation method (modular\/box-type), status indication, and remote signaling function requirements.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div><strong>Daily Inspection And Maintenance Of Industrial SPD<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div>Regular visual inspection: Check the SPD for physical damage, such as cracks or burn marks.<\/div>\r\n<div>Observe the status indicator: Most SPDs have a color-coded window (green\/red) indicator. Green indicates normal operation, and red indicates failure, requiring immediate replacement.<\/div>\r\n<div>Keep a maintenance log: Record the installation date, initial inspection date, and subsequent inspection details. Even when in normal condition, SPDs have a limited lifespan; it is recommended to inspect or replace them periodically (e.g., every 3-5 years) or after a major surge event.<\/div>\r\n<div>Professional testing: Use specialized instruments to measure the leakage current of the varistor and assess for performance degradation.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div><strong>Can Surge Protection Devices Prevent Circuit Breakers From Tripping?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div>The primary function of an SPD is to prevent equipment from being damaged by overvoltage, not to prevent circuit breakers from tripping.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\r\n<div>Understanding the technical principles and application scenarios of different types of industrial surge protection devices (SPD) (t1, t2, t3), and combining them with comprehensive protection of power and signal lines, we can build an effective hierarchical (step-by-step) protection system.<\/div>"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/2231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=2231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}