{"id":2112,"date":"2025-06-17T16:28:06","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T08:28:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=2112"},"modified":"2025-08-19T16:03:23","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T08:03:23","slug":"ac-vs-dc-surge-protection-whats-the-difference","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/blog\/ac-vs-dc-surge-protection-whats-the-difference\/","title":{"rendered":"AC vs. DC Surge Protection: What&#8217;s the Difference?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/products\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"1300\" data-end=\"1333\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (SPD)<\/strong><\/a> \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2\u2014\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 (AC \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (\u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd MOV). \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd AC SPD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 DC SPD, \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 IEC\/UL \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 SPD \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2.\r\n<h2>1. \u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae<\/h2>\r\nTransient overvoltages, also known as power surges, are short-duration spikes in voltage that can damage or destroy sensitive electronic equipment. These surges can be caused by lightning strikes, grid switching operations, large load switching, or inductive equipment startups. SPD devices, also called surge suppressors or surge arresters, are engineered to detect and divert these spikes before they reach protected equipment.\r\n\r\nBut not all surges\u2014or SPDs\u2014are created equal. AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current) systems exhibit very different electrical behaviors and, as such, require distinct surge protection approaches. Per <a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/26931\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>IEC 61643-11\/-31<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 SPD \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7.\r\n<h2>2. \u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 AC;<\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2114\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-2114\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/AC-Power-Surge-Protection-1024x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong data-start=\"218\" data-end=\"241\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 AC<\/strong><\/em><\/a> \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac - \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 50 Hz \u03ae 60 Hz. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 <a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/65314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"506\">IEC 61643-11<\/strong><\/a>, \u03c4\u03b1 SPD AC \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 Type 1, Type 2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Type 3, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2.\r\n<h3 data-start=\"652\" data-end=\"688\">\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd SPD AC<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"689\" data-end=\"1410\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"689\" data-end=\"777\">\r\n<p data-start=\"691\" data-end=\"777\">\u039b\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 115V, 230V, 400V \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 690V AC.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"857\">\r\n<p data-start=\"780\" data-end=\"857\">\u039b\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd AC.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"858\" data-end=\"983\">\r\n<p data-start=\"860\" data-end=\"983\">\u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 AC, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"984\" data-end=\"1220\">\r\n<p data-start=\"986\" data-end=\"1220\">MOV \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 (Varistors Oxide Metal) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1. \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 SPD \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1, \u03c4\u03b1 MOV \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 GDT (\u03a3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5) \u03ae \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 10\/350 \u00b5s).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1221\" data-end=\"1410\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1223\" data-end=\"1410\">\u0391\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7 (MCB \u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1). \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 SPD \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac &lt;0,5 m, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"1412\" data-end=\"1447\">\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 SPD \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 AC<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1800\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1558\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1450\" data-end=\"1558\"><strong data-start=\"1450\" data-end=\"1464\">\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 1 SPD<\/strong> \u2013 \u0395\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd (Iimp 10\/350 \u00b5s).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1559\" data-end=\"1689\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1689\"><strong data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1575\">\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 2 SPD<\/strong> \u2013 \u0395\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2. \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 (In\/Imax 8\/20 \u00b5s).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1690\" data-end=\"1800\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1692\" data-end=\"1800\"><strong data-start=\"1692\" data-end=\"1706\">\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 3 SPD<\/strong> \u2013 \u0395\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"1802\" data-end=\"1828\">\u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"1829\" data-end=\"2053\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1829\" data-end=\"1870\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1831\" data-end=\"1870\">\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 1)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1871\" data-end=\"1912\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1873\" data-end=\"1912\">\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 2)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1913\" data-end=\"1967\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1915\" data-end=\"1967\">\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 2)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1968\" data-end=\"2053\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1970\" data-end=\"2053\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 AC (\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 3)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"2055\" data-end=\"2094\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd Britec AC SPD<\/em><\/strong><\/a> <\/span>\u03a3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"2095\" data-end=\"2701\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2095\" data-end=\"2257\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2097\" data-end=\"2257\"><strong data-start=\"2097\" data-end=\"2117\">BR-50GR (\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 1)<\/strong>: \u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 Uc 275\/320\/440 V, \u03bc\u03b5 Iimp \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 25 kA (10\/350 \u00b5s). \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 TN\/TT.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2258\" data-end=\"2392\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2260\" data-end=\"2392\"><strong data-start=\"2260\" data-end=\"2290\">BR-12,5M (\u03c5\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1+2)<\/strong>: \u03a7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2393\" data-end=\"2583\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2395\" data-end=\"2583\"><strong data-start=\"2395\" data-end=\"2425\">BR-40 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 BR-30FU (\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 2)<\/strong>: \u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 Uc 275 V, \u03bc\u03b5 In 20 kA \/ Imax 40 kA (8\/20 \u00b5s); \u03c4\u03bf BR-30FU \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2584\" data-end=\"2701\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2586\" data-end=\"2701\"><strong data-start=\"2586\" data-end=\"2613\">BR-230\/BR275-6 (\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 3)<\/strong>: \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 (Up \u2264 1,5 kV).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<h2>3. \u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 DC Surge Protection;<\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/product-category\/dc-surge-protector\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2113\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-2113\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Surge-Protection-Devices-For-Solar-PV-1024x1024.webp\" alt=\"\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 DC\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/product-category\/dc-surge-protector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"361\" data-end=\"384\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 DC<\/strong><\/a><\/em> \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2: \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b2\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 DC SPD \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae.\r\n<h3 data-start=\"820\" data-end=\"849\">\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd DC SPD<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"1855\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"1011\">\r\n<p data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"1011\"><strong data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"871\">\u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>: \u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 500 Vdc \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 1500 Vdc, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd (BESS) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 DC.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1012\" data-end=\"1174\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1174\"><strong data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1047\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae MOV \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>: \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 DC, \u03c4\u03b1 SPD DC \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac MOV, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1364\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1364\"><strong data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1196\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong>: \u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf DC \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b1 DC SPD \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (GDT) \u03ae \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1365\" data-end=\"1538\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1538\"><strong data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1390\">\u03a7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>: \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 In\/Imax \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 20\u201340 kA (8\/20 \u00b5s) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1+2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 Iimp.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1539\" data-end=\"1855\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1576\"><strong data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1573\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"1579\" data-end=\"1855\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1579\" data-end=\"1699\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1581\" data-end=\"1699\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf IEC 61643-31 (\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a6\/\u0392 DC SPD) \u03ae <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nemasurge.org\/ul-1449-transient-voltage-surge-suppressors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"1635\" data-end=\"1646\">UL 1449<\/strong><\/a> (\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 DC \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 1500 Vdc).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1702\" data-end=\"1855\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1704\" data-end=\"1855\">\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 T\u00dcV, CB \u03ae UL \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"1857\" data-end=\"1906\">\u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 DC<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"1907\" data-end=\"2261\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1907\" data-end=\"1999\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1909\" data-end=\"1999\">\u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03c4\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03ba\u03b9\u03b2\u03c9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 1000 Vdc \u03ae 1500 Vdc).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2000\" data-end=\"2084\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2002\" data-end=\"2084\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd (BESS) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2085\" data-end=\"2162\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2087\" data-end=\"2162\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (EV), \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 DC.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2163\" data-end=\"2261\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2165\" data-end=\"2261\">\u03a0\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c5\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"2263\" data-end=\"2304\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/product-category\/dc-surge-protector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Britec's DC SPD<\/a><\/span> \u03a3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"2305\" data-end=\"2976\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2305\" data-end=\"2630\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2307\" data-end=\"2341\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/product\/brpv3-1000-20-1000v-20ka-t12-pv-surge-arrester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong data-start=\"2307\" data-end=\"2339\">BRPV3-1000 (\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 1+2 DC SPD)<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"2344\" data-end=\"2630\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2344\" data-end=\"2381\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2346\" data-end=\"2381\">\u039f\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7: Uc = 1000 Vdc<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2384\" data-end=\"2429\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2386\" data-end=\"2429\">\u039f\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u03a3\u03b5 = 20 kA<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2432\" data-end=\"2489\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2434\" data-end=\"2489\">\u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: Imax = 40 kA (8\/20 \u00b5s)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2492\" data-end=\"2537\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2494\" data-end=\"2537\">\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u2264 3,8 kV<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2540\" data-end=\"2630\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2542\" data-end=\"2630\">\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac: \u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 + \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2632\" data-end=\"2976\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2634\" data-end=\"2668\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/product\/brpv3-1500-12-5-t1t2-1500v-12-5ka-pv-surge-protection-device\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"2634\" data-end=\"2666\">BRPV3-1500 (\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 1+2 DC SPD)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"2671\" data-end=\"2976\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2671\" data-end=\"2708\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2673\" data-end=\"2708\">\u039f\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7: Uc = 1500 Vdc<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2711\" data-end=\"2756\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2713\" data-end=\"2756\">\u039f\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u03a3\u03b5 = 20 kA<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2759\" data-end=\"2806\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2761\" data-end=\"2806\">\u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: Imax = 40 kA<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2809\" data-end=\"2854\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"2854\">\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u2264 4,5 kV<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2857\" data-end=\"2976\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2859\" data-end=\"2976\">\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac: \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 + \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03c4\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>4. \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 AC \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 DC;<\/h2>\r\n\u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 AC SPD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 DC SPD \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2. \u039f \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd AC SPD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 DC SPD:\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 336px;\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\r\n<th style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>AC SPD<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>DC SPD<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\"><strong>\u0395\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">115V \u2013 690V AC (\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03b1) \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1: BR-40 (Uc 275 V, \u03c3\u03b5 20 kA)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">500V \u2013 1500V DC (PV, EV, BESS) \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1: BRPV3-1500 (Uc 1500 Vdc, \u03a3\u03b5 20 kA)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>\u03a7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">\u0391\u03bc\u03c6\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 (\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 AC)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae MOV \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 DC<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">\u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1 \u03a4\u03b1 SPD \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac MOV + GDT\/\u03b8\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 10\/350 \u00b5s<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u2192 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7, \u03b8\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae GDT<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>\u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">\u03a4\u03b1 SPD \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 MOV \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 &lt;25 ns (\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">\u038a\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u2013 \u0392\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 MOV, &lt;25 ns (\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">\u0397\u03bc\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c2 (50\/60 Hz)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 DC<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\"><strong>\u039a\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">8\/20 \u00b5s (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2), 10\/350 \u00b5s (\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u00b5\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd, \u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 1)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">\u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf AC (8\/20 \u00b5s, 10\/350 \u00b5s). \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac = \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\"><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">\u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd: In\/Imax\/Iimp) \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1: <strong>BR-30FU (\u03c3\u03b5 20 kA, Imax 40 kA)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">\u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 (In\/Imax\/Iimp) \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1: BRPV3-1000 (\u03c3\u03b5 20 kA, Imax 40 kA)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">IEC 61643-11 (AC SPDs), UL 1449 (\u0392\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">IEC 61643-31 (DC SPDs, PV), UL 1449 (\u0392\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, PV \u22641500 Vdc)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">\u03a3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">\u0397\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03c4\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 EV, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h3>4.1 \u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2: AC \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 DC<\/h3>\r\n\u03a4\u03bf AC \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac (\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1), \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2 (\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u03a5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2:<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>\u03a4\u03b1 SPD AC \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1 SPD DC \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2.<\/blockquote>\r\n<h3>4.2 \u039a\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>\u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2:<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>\u03a4\u03b1 DC SPD \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u226425ns) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/blockquote>\r\n<h3>4.3 \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd SPD<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li><strong>AC SPD:<\/strong> \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>DC SPD:<\/strong> \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>\u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9: <\/strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 AC \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 DC SPD \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 MOV (\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5), \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 GDT (\u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5). \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/blog\/how-does-spd-surge-protection-device-work\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 SPD<\/a>.<\/em><\/strong>\r\n<h3>4.4 \u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li>AC SPD: \u039a\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 115V \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 600V<\/li>\r\n \t<li>DC SPD: \u0395\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 500V \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 1500V<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1:<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>\u03a4\u03bf DC SPD FLY1-40PV \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 40 kA. \u03a4\u03bf AC SPD USP2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 120 kA, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf.<\/blockquote>\r\n<h3>4.5 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li><strong>AC SPD:<\/strong> \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1, HVAC, \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>DC SPD:<\/strong> \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae:<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>\u03a4\u03b1 DC SPD \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/blockquote>\r\n<h3>4.6 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li><strong>AC:<\/strong> \u03a4\u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf \u03c3\u03b2\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>DC:<\/strong> \u0391\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\/\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd DC \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac.<\/blockquote>\r\n<h3>4.7 \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1, \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 AC SPD:<\/strong> UL 1449, IEC 61643-11 (\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 1, 2, 3)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 DC SPD:<\/strong> EN 50539-11, IEC 61643-31, UL 1449 (\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 PV, BESS, EV)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1:<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd SPD \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc TUV \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bf.<\/blockquote>\r\n<h2>5. \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc SPD<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"408\" data-end=\"648\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (SPD) \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u2013 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1. \u0395\u03b4\u03ce \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"655\" data-end=\"700\">1. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf SPD \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"701\" data-end=\"1201\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"701\" data-end=\"930\">\r\n<p data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"744\"><strong data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"742\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 AC (IEC 61643-11 \/ UL 1449)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"930\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"803\">\r\n<p data-start=\"749\" data-end=\"803\">230\/400 V (\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 TN\/TT): \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 <strong data-start=\"781\" data-end=\"793\">Uc 275 V<\/strong> \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"930\">\r\n<p data-start=\"808\" data-end=\"930\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1: Britec BR-40\/30FU \u2013 Type 2 SPD, Uc 275 V, In 20 kA, Imax 40 kA, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"931\" data-end=\"1201\">\r\n<p data-start=\"933\" data-end=\"987\"><strong data-start=\"933\" data-end=\"985\">\u03a6\/\u0392 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 DC (IEC 61643-31 \/ UL 1449 \u22641500 Vdc)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1201\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1062\">\r\n<p data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1062\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 600 Vdc, 1000 Vdc \u03ae 1500 Vdc: \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 DC Uc.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1065\" data-end=\"1201\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1067\" data-end=\"1201\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1: <strong data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1111\">Britec BRPV3-1000 (Uc 1000 Vdc)<\/strong> \u03ae <strong data-start=\"1115\" data-end=\"1143\">BRPV3-1500 (Uc 1500 Vdc)<\/strong> \u2013 \u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1+2 DC SPD \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a6\/\u0392 \u03ba\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c2.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1342\"><strong data-start=\"1205\" data-end=\"1212\">\u0391\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf<\/strong>: \u0395\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 Uc (\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 SPD \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u2265 1,2 \u00d7 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1424\">2. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2) \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"1425\" data-end=\"2052\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1425\" data-end=\"1627\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1427\" data-end=\"1469\">\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 1 (10\/350 \u00b5s \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1627\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1530\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1474\" data-end=\"1530\">\u03a4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \/ \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1533\" data-end=\"1571\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1535\" data-end=\"1571\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1574\" data-end=\"1627\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1576\" data-end=\"1627\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1: <strong data-start=\"1585\" data-end=\"1610\">BR-12.5M \u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 1+2 SPD<\/strong>, Iimp 12,5 kA.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1628\" data-end=\"1865\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1630\" data-end=\"1669\">\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 2 (8\/20 \u00b5s \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"1672\" data-end=\"1865\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1672\" data-end=\"1719\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1674\" data-end=\"1719\">\u03a4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1722\" data-end=\"1792\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1724\" data-end=\"1792\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1795\" data-end=\"1865\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1797\" data-end=\"1865\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1: <strong data-start=\"1806\" data-end=\"1831\">BR-40\/30FU \u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 2 SPD<\/strong> (\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1866\" data-end=\"2052\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1868\" data-end=\"1895\">\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 3 (\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"1898\" data-end=\"2052\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1898\" data-end=\"1983\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1900\" data-end=\"1983\">\u0395\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc (\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1986\" data-end=\"2052\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1988\" data-end=\"2052\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c6\u03af\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc SPD \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"2054\" data-end=\"2204\"><strong data-start=\"2056\" data-end=\"2076\">\u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong>: \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 <strong data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2140\">&gt;<\/strong>10 m, \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd SPD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"2211\" data-end=\"2261\">3. \u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"2262\" data-end=\"2455\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2262\" data-end=\"2330\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2264\" data-end=\"2330\">\u03a4\u03b1 SPD \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 MCB\/RCB\/\u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2331\" data-end=\"2455\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2333\" data-end=\"2455\">\u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"2351\" data-end=\"2372\">Britec BR-40\/30FU<\/strong>, \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"2462\" data-end=\"2496\">4. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"2497\" data-end=\"2605\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2497\" data-end=\"2543\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2499\" data-end=\"2543\"><strong data-start=\"2499\" data-end=\"2510\">SPD AC<\/strong>: IEC 61643-11, UL 1449<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2544\" data-end=\"2605\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2546\" data-end=\"2605\"><strong data-start=\"2546\" data-end=\"2560\">\u03a6\/\u0392 DC SPD<\/strong>: IEC 61643-31, UL 1449 (\u22641500 Vdc)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"2607\" data-end=\"2731\">\u039d\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf SPD \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd CE, UL \u03ae IEC, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"2738\" data-end=\"2756\">Key Takeaway<\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"2757\" data-end=\"2931\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd SPD \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 IEC\/UL.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"2933\" data-end=\"3142\">\u039c\u03b5 <strong data-start=\"2938\" data-end=\"3007\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Britec (BR-12,5M, BR-40\/30FU, BRPV3-1000, BRPV3-1500)<\/strong>, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03c4\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>6. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/h2>\r\n\u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 AC \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 DC \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c9\u03b4\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 SPD AC \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 SPD DC \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 DC.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd SPD \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1:\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li>\u039d\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf SPD \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 (AC \u03ae DC)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u039b\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (TUV, UL, CE) \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 SPD \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2;<\/strong> \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03ae \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 DC \u03ae AC \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2.<\/a>","protected":false},"featured_media":2114,"parent":0,"menu_order":130,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[9],"class_list":["post-2112","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-industry-news"],"acf":{"des":"This blog compares AC and DC surge protection devices (SPDs), explaining their key differences in waveform, voltage range, arc handling, and application scenarios. Whether you're protecting a home, solar system, or EV charger, understanding how to choose the right SPD is essential for system safety and compliance with standards like IEC 61643 and UL 1449.","txt":"Surge protection is fundamental to the safety and uptime of modern electrical systems. Choosing the right <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/products\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"1300\" data-end=\"1333\">Surge Protective Device (SPD)<\/strong><\/a> starts with understanding how AC and DC systems behave differently under transients\u2014especially arc extinction (AC zero-crossing vs DC no zero-crossing) and component design (bi-directional vs uni-directional MOVs). This guide explains the difference between AC SPD and DC SPD, maps the IEC\/UL standards that apply, and shows how to select an SPD that meets your application and compliance needs.\r\n<h2>1. Introduction<\/h2>\r\nTransient overvoltages, also known as power surges, are short-duration spikes in voltage that can damage or destroy sensitive electronic equipment. These surges can be caused by lightning strikes, grid switching operations, large load switching, or inductive equipment startups. SPD devices, also called surge suppressors or surge arresters, are engineered to detect and divert these spikes before they reach protected equipment.\r\n\r\nBut not all surges\u2014or SPDs\u2014are created equal. AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current) systems exhibit very different electrical behaviors and, as such, require distinct surge protection approaches. Per <a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/26931\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>IEC 61643-11\/-31<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, an SPD limits surge voltage and diverts surge current within nanoseconds, protecting downstream equipment.\r\n<h2>2. What Is AC Surge Protection?<\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2114\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-2114\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/AC-Power-Surge-Protection-1024x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong data-start=\"218\" data-end=\"241\">AC surge protection<\/strong><\/em><\/a> is designed for electrical systems where voltage alternates direction periodically\u2014typically at 50Hz or 60Hz. These systems are widely used in residential homes, commercial buildings, factories, and industrial automation networks. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/65314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"506\">IEC 61643-11<\/strong><\/a>, AC SPDs are classified into Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3, each intended for a different installation point within the distribution system.\r\n<h3 data-start=\"652\" data-end=\"688\">Key Characteristics of AC SPDs<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"689\" data-end=\"1410\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"689\" data-end=\"777\">\r\n<p data-start=\"691\" data-end=\"777\">Operate within common grid voltages such as 115V, 230V, 400V, and up to 690V AC.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"857\">\r\n<p data-start=\"780\" data-end=\"857\">Bi-directional operation to handle polarity switching of AC sine waves.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"858\" data-end=\"983\">\r\n<p data-start=\"860\" data-end=\"983\">Arc extinction through natural zero-crossings of the AC waveform, which makes disconnection safer and more efficient.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"984\" data-end=\"1220\">\r\n<p data-start=\"986\" data-end=\"1220\">Commonly used MOVs (Metal Oxide Varistors) to absorb surge energy; in Type 1 SPDs, MOVs are often combined with GDTs (Gas Discharge Tubes) or arc chambers to withstand high-energy lightning impulses (10\/350 \u00b5s waveforms).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1221\" data-end=\"1410\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1223\" data-end=\"1410\">Coordination with upstream protection (MCB or fuse) is required; best practice is to keep the SPD lead length as short as possible, ideally&lt;0.5 m, to minimize residual voltage.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"1412\" data-end=\"1447\">SPD Types for AC Applications<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1800\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1558\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1450\" data-end=\"1558\"><strong data-start=\"1450\" data-end=\"1464\">Type 1 SPD<\/strong> \u2013 Installed at the service entrance; withstands direct lightning currents (Iimp 10\/350 \u00b5s).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1559\" data-end=\"1689\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1689\"><strong data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1575\">Type 2 SPD<\/strong> \u2013 Installed at distribution boards; protects against switching surges and indirect lightning (In\/Imax 8\/20 \u00b5s).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1690\" data-end=\"1800\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1692\" data-end=\"1800\"><strong data-start=\"1692\" data-end=\"1706\">Type 3 SPD<\/strong> \u2013 Installed close to sensitive equipment; provides fine protection against residual surges.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"1802\" data-end=\"1828\">Typical Applications<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"1829\" data-end=\"2053\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1829\" data-end=\"1870\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1831\" data-end=\"1870\">Main service entrance panels (Type 1)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1871\" data-end=\"1912\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1873\" data-end=\"1912\">Building distribution boards (Type 2)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1913\" data-end=\"1967\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1915\" data-end=\"1967\">Control panels in industrial environments (Type 2)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1968\" data-end=\"2053\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1970\" data-end=\"2053\">Point-of-use or socket-level protection for sensitive AC-powered devices (Type 3)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"2055\" data-end=\"2094\">Example from <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product-category\/ac-power-surge-protection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><em>Britec AC SPD Product<\/em><\/strong><\/a> <\/span>Range<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"2095\" data-end=\"2701\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2095\" data-end=\"2257\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2097\" data-end=\"2257\"><strong data-start=\"2097\" data-end=\"2117\">BR-50GR (Type 1)<\/strong>: Rated for Uc 275\/320\/440 V, with Iimp up to 25 kA (10\/350 \u00b5s); ideal for service entrance lightning protection in TN\/TT systems.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2258\" data-end=\"2392\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2260\" data-end=\"2392\"><strong data-start=\"2260\" data-end=\"2290\">BR-12.5M (Type 1+2 hybrid)<\/strong>: Handles both lightning impulse and switching surges, making it suitable for industrial facilities.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2393\" data-end=\"2583\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2395\" data-end=\"2583\"><strong data-start=\"2395\" data-end=\"2425\">BR-40 and BR-30FU (Type 2)<\/strong>: Rated for Uc 275 V, with In 20 kA \/ Imax 40 kA (8\/20 \u00b5s); the BR-30FU integrates a backup fuse, simplifying installation and improving safety.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2584\" data-end=\"2701\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2586\" data-end=\"2701\"><strong data-start=\"2586\" data-end=\"2613\">BR-230\/BR275-6 (Type 3)<\/strong>: Designed for terminal equipment protection, with low residual voltage (Up \u2264 1.5 kV).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<h2>3. What Is DC Surge Protection?<\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product-category\/dc-surge-protector\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-2113\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-2113\" src=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Surge-Protection-Devices-For-Solar-PV-1024x1024.webp\" alt=\"DC Surge Protection Devices\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product-category\/dc-surge-protector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"361\" data-end=\"384\">DC surge protection<\/strong><\/a><\/em> is designed for direct current systems, where electricity flows in a single direction without natural zero-crossings. Unlike AC systems that benefit from periodic voltage reversals, DC systems present a unique engineering challenge: arcs do not self-extinguish. This means that DC SPDs require more robust arc quenching, thermal disconnection, and mechanical release mechanisms to ensure safety and prevent thermal runaway.\r\n<h3 data-start=\"820\" data-end=\"849\">Key Features of DC SPDs<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"1855\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"1011\">\r\n<p data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"1011\"><strong data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"871\">Voltage Ratings<\/strong>: Typically designed for 500 Vdc to 1500 Vdc, covering solar PV arrays, battery storage systems (BESS), and DC fast-charging networks.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1012\" data-end=\"1174\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1174\"><strong data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1047\">Unidirectional MOV selection<\/strong>: To accommodate DC polarity, DC SPDs use unidirectional MOVs, ensuring correct surge clamping for one-way current flow.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1364\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1364\"><strong data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1196\">Arc Suppression<\/strong>: Because DC lacks a zero-crossing, DC SPDs integrate fast-acting thermal disconnects, gas discharge tubes (GDTs), or arc chambers to safely break fault currents.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1365\" data-end=\"1538\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1538\"><strong data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1390\">High Surge Handling<\/strong>: Built to absorb high-energy surges with In\/Imax ratings up to 20\u201340 kA (8\/20 \u00b5s) and Type 1+2 devices rated for Iimp lightning impulses.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1539\" data-end=\"1855\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1576\"><strong data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1573\">Compliance and Certification<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"1579\" data-end=\"1855\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1579\" data-end=\"1699\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1581\" data-end=\"1699\">Must comply with IEC 61643-31 (for PV DC SPDs) or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nemasurge.org\/ul-1449-transient-voltage-surge-suppressors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"1635\" data-end=\"1646\">UL 1449<\/strong><\/a> (for DC systems in North America, up to 1500 Vdc).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1702\" data-end=\"1855\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1704\" data-end=\"1855\">Depending on project or regional requirements, products may carry additional T\u00dcV, CB, or UL certifications for grid compliance and safety audits.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"1857\" data-end=\"1906\">Typical Applications of DC Surge Protection<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"1907\" data-end=\"2261\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1907\" data-end=\"1999\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1909\" data-end=\"1999\">Solar PV arrays (string or combiner box protection, typically 1000 Vdc or 1500 Vdc).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2000\" data-end=\"2084\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2002\" data-end=\"2084\">Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) for grid-scale or microgrid solutions.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2085\" data-end=\"2162\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2087\" data-end=\"2162\">Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations, especially DC fast charging.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2163\" data-end=\"2261\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2165\" data-end=\"2261\">Telecom towers and renewable energy systems (wind turbine converters, hybrid DC networks).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"2263\" data-end=\"2304\">Examples from <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product-category\/dc-surge-protector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Britec\u2019s DC SPD<\/a><\/span> Range<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"2305\" data-end=\"2976\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2305\" data-end=\"2630\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2307\" data-end=\"2341\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product\/brpv3-1000-20-1000v-20ka-t12-pv-surge-arrester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><strong data-start=\"2307\" data-end=\"2339\">BRPV3-1000 (Type 1+2 DC SPD)<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"2344\" data-end=\"2630\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2344\" data-end=\"2381\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2346\" data-end=\"2381\">Voltage rating: Uc = 1000 Vdc<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2384\" data-end=\"2429\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2386\" data-end=\"2429\">Nominal discharge current: In = 20 kA<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2432\" data-end=\"2489\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2434\" data-end=\"2489\">Maximum discharge current: Imax = 40 kA (8\/20 \u00b5s)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2492\" data-end=\"2537\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2494\" data-end=\"2537\">Voltage protection level: Up \u2264 3.8 kV<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2540\" data-end=\"2630\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2542\" data-end=\"2630\">Features: Thermal disconnector + remote signaling for real-time monitoring.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2632\" data-end=\"2976\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2634\" data-end=\"2668\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/product\/brpv3-1500-12-5-t1t2-1500v-12-5ka-pv-surge-protection-device\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"2634\" data-end=\"2666\">BRPV3-1500 (Type 1+2 DC SPD)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"2671\" data-end=\"2976\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2671\" data-end=\"2708\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2673\" data-end=\"2708\">Voltage rating: Uc = 1500 Vdc<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2711\" data-end=\"2756\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2713\" data-end=\"2756\">Nominal discharge current: In = 20 kA<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2759\" data-end=\"2806\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2761\" data-end=\"2806\">Maximum discharge current: Imax = 40 kA<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2809\" data-end=\"2854\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"2854\">Voltage protection level: Up \u2264 4.5 kV<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2857\" data-end=\"2976\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2859\" data-end=\"2976\">Features: Arc chamber design + thermal cut-off, ensuring reliable operation in PV plants and EV infrastructure.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>4. What\u2019s the Difference Between AC and DC Surge Protection?<\/h2>\r\nAlthough AC SPDs and DC SPDs look similar at first glance, their design principles, standards, and application requirements are very different. The table below summarizes the key differences between AC SPD and DC SPD:\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 336px;\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\r\n<th style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>Parameter<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>AC SPD<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>DC SPD<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\"><strong>Voltage Range<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">115V \u2013 690V AC (common grids) Example: BR-40 (Uc 275 V, In 20 kA)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">500V \u2013 1500V DC (PV, EV, BESS) Example: BRPV3-1500 (Uc 1500 Vdc, In 20 kA)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>Polarity Handling<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">Bi-directional operation (AC sine wave polarity switching)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">Unidirectional MOV selection for DC polarity stability<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\"><strong>Arc Extinguishing<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">Natural zero-crossing aids arc interruption Type 1 SPDs often use MOV + GDT\/arc chamber for 10\/350 \u00b5s impulses<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">No zero-crossing \u2192 requires fast thermal disconnector, arc chamber, or GDT<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>Response Time<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">MOV-based SPDs typically respond in &lt;25 ns (device-dependent)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">Same principle \u2013 MOV-based, &lt;25 ns (device-dependent)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>Waveform Type<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">Sinusoidal (50\/60 Hz)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">Constant DC voltage<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\"><strong>Surge Test Waveforms<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">8\/20 \u00b5s (switching), 10\/350 \u00b5s (lightning current, Type 1)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">Standardized same as AC (8\/20 \u00b5s, 10\/350 \u00b5s); key difference = arc extinction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\"><strong>Energy Handling<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">Per-pole rating depends on design (check datasheet: In\/Imax\/Iimp) Example: <strong>BR-30FU (In 20 kA, Imax 40 kA)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 48px;\">Per-pole rating depends on design (In\/Imax\/Iimp) Example: BRPV3-1000 (In 20 kA, Imax 40 kA)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>Standards<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">IEC 61643-11 (AC SPDs), UL 1449 (North America)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">IEC 61643-31 (DC SPDs, PV), UL 1449 (North America, PV \u22641500 Vdc)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\"><strong>Applications<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">Homes, offices, industrial control panels, building distribution boards<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 24px;\">Solar PV arrays, battery storage, EV charging, telecom, wind turbines<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h3>4.1 Electrical Current Characteristics: AC vs. DC<\/h3>\r\nAC reverses direction periodically (sine wave), allowing natural zero-crossing points. DC flows in a single direction continuously (flat waveform), making arc extinguishing much more challenging.\r\n\r\n<strong>Implication:<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>AC SPDs benefit from zero-crossing for arc interruption, while DC SPDs require more robust arc suppression mechanisms due to waveform characteristics.<\/blockquote>\r\n<h3>4.2 Surge Waveform<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li>AC surges often have smoother, sinusoidal waveforms.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>DC surges are shorter, faster, and more abrupt with flat top voltage<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Response Time Needs:<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>DC SPDs typically require faster response times (\u226425ns) to protect against rapid transients.<\/blockquote>\r\n<h3>4.3 Design and Operating Principles of SPDs<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li><strong>AC SPD:<\/strong> Designed for symmetrical voltage polarity and sine wave input<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>DC SPD:<\/strong> Built for polarity-sensitive circuits and unidirectional current flow<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Technology Used: <\/strong>Both AC and DC SPD devices commonly use MOVs (metal oxide varistors), thermal disconnects, and sometimes GDTs (gas discharge tubes). To understand how these components function inside a surge protection device, see our detailed guide on <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/blog\/how-does-spd-surge-protection-device-work\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">how an SPD works<\/a>.<\/em><\/strong>\r\n<h3>4.4 Voltage Ratings and Surge Capacity<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li>AC SPDs: Range from 115V to 600V<\/li>\r\n \t<li>DC SPDs: Range from 500V to 1500V<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Example:<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>DC SPD FLY1-40PV handles up to 40kA; AC SPD USP2 ranges up to 120kA, depending on the model.<\/blockquote>\r\n<h3>4.5 Application Environments<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li><strong>AC SPD:<\/strong> Offices, homes, HVAC, control panels<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>DC SPD:<\/strong> Renewable energy, outdoor telecom, transportation systems<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Environmental Tolerance:<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>DC SPDs usually support wider temperature ranges and relative humidity due to outdoor applications.<\/blockquote>\r\n<h3>4.6 Arc Extinguishing<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li><strong>AC:<\/strong> Arc naturally extinguishes at the zero-crossing<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>DC:<\/strong> Requires mechanical\/thermal arc quenching due to lack of polarity reversal.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Why It Matters:<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>Inadequate arc suppression in DC surge arresters can lead to thermal runaway and fire.<\/blockquote>\r\n<h3>4.7 Standards, Testing, and Certification<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li><strong>AC SPD Standards:<\/strong> UL 1449, IEC 61643-11 (Type 1, 2, 3)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>DC SPD Standards:<\/strong> EN 50539-11, IEC 61643-31, UL 1449 (PV, BESS, EV focus)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Example:<\/strong>\r\n<blockquote>Surge protection class must be verified via TUV-certified SPD labels for grid compliance.<\/blockquote>\r\n<h2>5. How to Choose the Right SPD<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"408\" data-end=\"648\">Selecting the correct Surge Protective Device (SPD) is not only about voltage rating \u2013 it also involves installation position, protection coordination, and compliance with international standards. Here are the key factors to consider:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"655\" data-end=\"700\">1. Match the SPD to Your System Voltage<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"701\" data-end=\"1201\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"701\" data-end=\"930\">\r\n<p data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"744\"><strong data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"742\">AC systems (IEC 61643-11 \/ UL 1449)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"930\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"803\">\r\n<p data-start=\"749\" data-end=\"803\">230\/400 V (TN\/TT grids): Choose <strong data-start=\"781\" data-end=\"793\">Uc 275 V<\/strong> models.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"930\">\r\n<p data-start=\"808\" data-end=\"930\">Example: Britec BR-40\/30FU \u2013 Type 2 SPD, Uc 275 V, In 20 kA, Imax 40 kA, with integrated fuse for backup protection.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"931\" data-end=\"1201\">\r\n<p data-start=\"933\" data-end=\"987\"><strong data-start=\"933\" data-end=\"985\">PV DC systems (IEC 61643-31 \/ UL 1449 \u22641500 Vdc)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1201\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1062\">\r\n<p data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1062\">600 Vdc, 1000 Vdc, or 1500 Vdc arrays: Select matching DC Uc rating.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1065\" data-end=\"1201\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1067\" data-end=\"1201\">Example: <strong data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1111\">Britec BRPV3-1000 (Uc 1000 Vdc)<\/strong> or <strong data-start=\"1115\" data-end=\"1143\">BRPV3-1500 (Uc 1500 Vdc)<\/strong> \u2013 Type 1+2 DC SPDs for PV combiner boxes and inverters.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1342\"><strong data-start=\"1205\" data-end=\"1212\">Tip<\/strong>: Always check that the SPD\u2019s Uc (continuous operating voltage) is \u2265 1.2 \u00d7 nominal system voltage to avoid premature ageing.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1424\">2. Apply the Right Protection Class (Type) to Each Installation Level<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"1425\" data-end=\"2052\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1425\" data-end=\"1627\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1427\" data-end=\"1469\">Type 1 (10\/350 \u00b5s lightning current)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1627\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1530\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1474\" data-end=\"1530\">Installed at service entrance \/ main distribution.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1533\" data-end=\"1571\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1535\" data-end=\"1571\">Handles direct lightning currents.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1574\" data-end=\"1627\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1576\" data-end=\"1627\">Example: <strong data-start=\"1585\" data-end=\"1610\">BR-12.5M Type 1+2 SPD<\/strong>, Iimp 12.5 kA.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1628\" data-end=\"1865\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1630\" data-end=\"1669\">Type 2 (8\/20 \u00b5s switching surges)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"1672\" data-end=\"1865\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1672\" data-end=\"1719\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1674\" data-end=\"1719\">Installed at floor distribution boards.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1722\" data-end=\"1792\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1724\" data-end=\"1792\">Protects against switching surges and residual lightning currents.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1795\" data-end=\"1865\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1797\" data-end=\"1865\">Example: <strong data-start=\"1806\" data-end=\"1831\">BR-40\/30FU Type 2 SPD<\/strong> (with integrated disconnector).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1866\" data-end=\"2052\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1868\" data-end=\"1895\">Type 3 (point-of-use)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"1898\" data-end=\"2052\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1898\" data-end=\"1983\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1900\" data-end=\"1983\">Installed close to sensitive equipment (computers, servers, medical devices).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1986\" data-end=\"2052\">\r\n<p data-start=\"1988\" data-end=\"2052\">Protects against residual surges not clamped by upstream SPDs.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"2054\" data-end=\"2204\"><strong data-start=\"2056\" data-end=\"2076\">Engineering rule<\/strong>: If the cable length between two protection stages is <strong data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2140\">&gt;<\/strong>10 m, install additional SPDs at both ends to ensure coordination.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"2211\" data-end=\"2261\">3. Ensure Coordination With Breakers &amp; Fuses<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"2262\" data-end=\"2455\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2262\" data-end=\"2330\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2264\" data-end=\"2330\">SPDs must be coordinated with upstream MCB\/RCB\/backup fuses.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2331\" data-end=\"2455\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2333\" data-end=\"2455\">Some models, like <strong data-start=\"2351\" data-end=\"2372\">Britec BR-40\/30FU<\/strong>, integrate thermal disconnectors and backup protection, reducing space and cost.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"2462\" data-end=\"2496\">4. Compliance With Standards<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"2497\" data-end=\"2605\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2497\" data-end=\"2543\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2499\" data-end=\"2543\"><strong data-start=\"2499\" data-end=\"2510\">AC SPDs<\/strong>: IEC 61643-11, UL 1449<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2544\" data-end=\"2605\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2546\" data-end=\"2605\"><strong data-start=\"2546\" data-end=\"2560\">PV DC SPDs<\/strong>: IEC 61643-31, UL 1449 (\u22641500 Vdc)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"2607\" data-end=\"2731\">Always ensure the SPD carries the proper CE, UL, or IEC test certifications, especially for international projects.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"2738\" data-end=\"2756\">Key Takeaway<\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"2757\" data-end=\"2931\">Choosing the right SPD means matching the voltage, selecting the correct Type per installation level, ensuring proper coordination, and complying with IEC\/UL standards.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"2933\" data-end=\"3142\">With <strong data-start=\"2938\" data-end=\"3007\">Britec\u2019s portfolio (BR-12.5M, BR-40\/30FU, BRPV3-1000, BRPV3-1500)<\/strong>, you can cover residential, commercial, industrial, and PV solar applications with certified, high-performance surge protection.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>6. Conclusion<\/h2>\r\nAC and DC surge protection devices may look similar, but they serve fundamentally different systems. AC SPDs are optimized for sine wave applications in buildings and grids. DC SPDs are tailored for flat voltage waveforms in renewable and high-voltage DC infrastructures.\r\n\r\n<strong>Choosing the correct SPD is essential to safeguarding equipment and maintaining compliance with safety standards.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTo ensure optimal protection:\r\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\r\n \t<li>Always match the SPD type to the current system (AC or DC)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Consider voltage rating, waveform characteristics, and required energy absorption capability.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose certified products (TUV, UL, CE) with appropriate surge protection class ratings.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Need help selecting your SPD?<\/strong> Contact a certified electrical professional or surge protection provider to find the right DC surge protection or AC surge protection solution for your system.<\/a>"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/2112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=2112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}