{"id":758,"date":"2023-12-19T20:49:46","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T12:49:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=758"},"modified":"2024-09-05T16:35:18","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T08:35:18","slug":"low-voltage-power-supply-systems","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/de\/blog\/low-voltage-power-supply-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Niederspannungs-Stromversorgungssysteme"},"content":{"rendered":"IEC-Terminologie<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInternational standard IEC 60364 distinguishes three families of earthing arrangements, using the two-letter codes TN, TT, and IT.\r\n\r\nThe first letter indicates the connection between earth and the power-supply equipment (generator or transformer):\r\n\r\n\u201cT\u201d \u2014 Direct connection of a point with earth\r\n\r\n\u201cI\u201d \u2014 No point is connected with earth, except perhaps via high impedance.\r\n\r\nThe second letter indicates the connection between earth or network and the electrical device being supplied:\r\n\r\n\u201cT\u201d \u2014 Earth connection is by a local direct connection to earth, usually via a ground rod.\r\n\r\n\u201cN\u201d \u2014 the earth connection is supplied by the electricity supply network, either separately to the neutral conductor (TN-S), combined with the neutral conductor (TN-C), or both (TN-C-S). These are discussed below.\r\n\r\nArten von TN-Netzen<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn a TN earthing system, one of the points in the generator or transformer is connected with earth, usually the star point in a three-phase system. The body of the electrical device is connected with earth via this earth connection at the transformer. This arrangement is a current standard for residential and industrial electric systems particularly in Europe.\r\n\r\nThe conductor that connects the exposed metallic parts of the consumer\u2019s electrical installation is called protective earth (PE; see also: Ground). The conductor that connects to the star point in a three-phase system, or that carries the return current in a single-phase system, is called neutral (N). Three variants of TN systems are distinguished:\r\n\r\nTN\u2212S<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPE und N sind separate Leiter, die nur in der N\u00e4he der Stromquelle miteinander verbunden sind.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTN\u2212C<\/strong>\r\n\r\nEin kombinierter PEN-Leiter erf\u00fcllt sowohl die Funktionen eines PE- als auch eines N-Leiters. (Bei 230\/400-V-Systemen, die normalerweise nur f\u00fcr Verteilnetze verwendet werden)\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTN\u2212C\u2212S<\/strong>\r\n\r\nEin Teil des Systems verwendet einen kombinierten PEN-Leiter, der irgendwann in separate PE- und N-Leiter aufgeteilt wird. Der kombinierte PEN-Leiter befindet sich typischerweise zwischen der Umspannstation und dem Eintrittspunkt in das Geb\u00e4ude, und Erde und Neutralleiter werden im Versorgungskopf getrennt. Im Vereinigten K\u00f6nigreich wird dieses System auch als Protective Multiple Earthing (PME) bezeichnet, da der kombinierte Neutral- und Erdleiter \u00fcber den k\u00fcrzesten m\u00f6glichen Weg mit den \u00f6rtlichen Erdungsst\u00e4ben an der Quelle verbunden wirdund in Abst\u00e4nden entlang der Verteilungsnetze zu den einzelnen R\u00e4umlichkeiten, um an jedem dieser Standorte sowohl Systemerdung als auch Ger\u00e4teerdung bereitzustellen. \u00c4hnliche Systeme werden in Australien und Neuseeland als Multiple Earthed Neutral (MEN) und in Nordamerika als Multi Grounded Neutral (MGN) bezeichnet.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTT-Netzwerk<\/strong>\r\n\r\nBei einem TT-Erdungssystem erfolgt die Schutzerdung f\u00fcr den Verbraucher durch einen \u00f6rtlichen Erder, ein weiterer ist unabh\u00e4ngig am Generator installiert. Es gibt kein \u2018Erdungskabel\u2019 zwischen den beiden. Die Fehlerschleifenimpedanz ist h\u00f6her, und sofern die Elektrodenimpedanz nicht wirklich sehr niedrig ist, sollte eine TT-Installation immer \u00fcber einen FI-Schutzschalter (FI-Schutzschalter) als ersten Isolator verf\u00fcgen.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nIT-Netzwerk<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn einem IT-Netzwerk hat das elektrische Verteilungssystem \u00fcberhaupt keine oder nur eine hochohmige Verbindung zur Erde.\r\n\r\n\"\"","protected":false},"featured_media":780,"parent":0,"menu_order":183,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[8],"class_list":["post-758","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-company-news"],"acf":{"des":"International standard IEC 60364 distinguishes three families of earthing arrangements, using the two-letter codes TN, TT, and IT.","txt":"IEC terminology<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInternational standard IEC 60364 distinguishes three families of earthing arrangements, using the two-letter codes TN, TT, and IT.\r\n\r\nThe first letter indicates the connection between earth and the power-supply equipment (generator or transformer):\r\n\r\n\u201cT\u201d \u2014 Direct connection of a point with earth\r\n\r\n\u201cI\u201d \u2014 No point is connected with earth, except perhaps via high impedance.\r\n\r\nThe second letter indicates the connection between earth or network and the electrical device being supplied:\r\n\r\n\u201cT\u201d \u2014 Earth connection is by a local direct connection to earth, usually via a ground rod.\r\n\r\n\u201cN\u201d \u2014 the earth connection is supplied by the electricity supply network, either separately to the neutral conductor (TN-S), combined with the neutral conductor (TN-C), or both (TN-C-S). These are discussed below.\r\n\r\nTypes of TN networks<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn a TN earthing system, one of the points in the generator or transformer is connected with earth, usually the star point in a three-phase system. The body of the electrical device is connected with earth via this earth connection at the transformer. This arrangement is a current standard for residential and industrial electric systems particularly in Europe.\r\n\r\nThe conductor that connects the exposed metallic parts of the consumer\u2019s electrical installation is called protective earth (PE; see also: Ground). The conductor that connects to the star point in a three-phase system, or that carries the return current in a single-phase system, is called neutral (N). Three variants of TN systems are distinguished:\r\n\r\nTN\u2212S<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPE and N are separate conductors that are connected together only near the power source.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTN\u2212C<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA combined PEN conductor fulfills the functions of both a PE and an N conductor. (On 230\/400 V systems normally only used for distribution networks)\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTN\u2212C\u2212S<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPart of the system uses a combined PEN conductor, which is at some point split up into separate PE and N lines. The combined PEN conductor typically occurs between the substation and the entry point into the building, and earth and neutral are separated in the service head. In the UK, this system is also known as protective multiple earthing (PME), because of the practice of connecting the combined neutral-and-earth conductor via the shortest practicable route to local earth rods at the source and at intervals along the distribution networks to each premises, to provide both system earthing and equipment earthing at each of these locations. Similar systems in Australia and New Zealand are designated as multiple earthed neutral (MEN) and, in North America, as multi-grounded neutral (MGN).\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nTT network<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn a TT earthing system, the protective earth connection for the consumer is provided by a local earth electrode, and there is another independently installed at the generator. There is no \u2018earth wire\u2019 between the two. The fault loop impedance is higher, and unless the electrode impedance is very low indeed, a TT installation should always have an RCD (GFCI) as its first isolator.\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nIT network<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn an IT network, the electrical distribution system has no connection to earth at all, or it has only a high-impedance connection.\r\n\r\n\"\""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}