{"id":2231,"date":"2025-10-31T09:43:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T01:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/?post_type=blog&p=2231"},"modified":"2025-11-03T16:21:24","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T08:21:24","slug":"types-of-industrial-surge-protection-devices-and-graded-protection-strategies","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ar\/blog\/types-of-industrial-surge-protection-devices-and-graded-protection-strategies\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u0633\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (SPD)<\/strong><\/a>.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a<\/h2>\r\n
\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 SPD\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 IEC 61643.<\/div>\r\n\"BR-25M<\/a>\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1\/T1): \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a: <\/strong>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a> \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/div>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a: <\/strong>\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a (\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 10\/350 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u061b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/div>\r\n
\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: <\/strong>Primarily installed at the entrance of the building's main distribution cabinet (MDB) as a primary protection device to release lightning current from external lines (e.g., power lines).<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n\"BR-20<\/a>\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2\/T2): \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/h3>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 (MOV). \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 MOV \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0622\u0645\u0646.<\/div>\r\n
\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a: \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/a> \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f (\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/div>\r\n
\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 (\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c SDB) \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/div>\r\n\"BR-230<\/a>\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3\/T3): \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 MOVs \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a TVS \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629).<\/div>\r\n
\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a: \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/div>\r\n
\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3<\/a> installed very close to the protected equipment, such as in the equipment's socket or socket board, for fine protection. It usually needs to be used in conjunction with a Type 2 SPD and cannot be installed alone.<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n\"BR-12.5M<\/a>\r\n

Spd \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2): \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a: \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.<\/div>\r\n
\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 SPD (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\r\n
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/div>\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\r\n
\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f SPD: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 380 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/220 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a.<\/div>\r\n
\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (SPD): \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f SPD \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 SPD<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\r\n\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f SPD<\/th>\r\n\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 SPD<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\r\n\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 120 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 230 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 400 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 480 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a).<\/td>\r\n\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 12 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 24 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 48 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061b 600 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 100 \u0623\u0648 120 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u00a0\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/td>\r\n\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633.<\/strong>\u00a0The primary challenge is to safely quench the \"follow current\" from the DC source after a surge event without the SPD catching fire.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 (MOVs)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (GDTs). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/td>\r\n\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629\u00a0\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0631\u0641\/\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0GDTs<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (UC)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f RMS \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 275 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 320 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 440 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a).<\/td>\r\n\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c 1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 MOV \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629.<\/td>\r\n\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 SPD \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\r\nUL 1449 (\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)\u060c IEC 61643-11 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629).<\/td>\r\nUL 1449 (\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631)\u060c \u0648IEC 61643-11\u060c \u0648UL 497B\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 IEC 62548.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n \r\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\r\n
\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\/\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a SPD<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf RS-232\/485\/422 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a SPD<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\/\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\/\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 SPD<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a SPD (\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643)<\/div>\r\n \r\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/h3>\r\n

\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\r\n
\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\r\n
\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0629 DIN \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u064a<\/h4>\r\n
\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a SPD \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c (\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c)\u061f<\/h2>\r\n
\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0640 SPD \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629).<\/div>\r\n

\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/h4>\r\n
The core concept of graded protection is \"step-by-step discharge and layer-by-layer clamping.\"<\/div>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 1 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2): \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 1500-2500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a).<\/div>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 2 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2): \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 1 \u0648\u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 1000-1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a).<\/div>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 3 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3): \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/div>\r\n
\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a SPD \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\/\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629) \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a SPD \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 Spd \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/div>\r\n
\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (MDB): \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a SPD \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/div>\r\n
\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c (SDB): \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a SPDs \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 PLCs \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/div>\r\n
\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c PLC \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a SPDs \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 24V DC).<\/div>\r\n
\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 SPD \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c.<\/div>\r\n
\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644: \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a SPD \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 Ethernet \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\r\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 SPD \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u061f<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a. \u062d\u062f\u062f T1 \u0623\u0648 T1+2 \u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b T2 \u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u061b \u0648 T3 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/div>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (Uc) \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (In) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a (Imax) \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (LPL) \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u061b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/div>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (AC\/DC)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629\/\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/div>\r\n \r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 SPD \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 SPD \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642.<\/div>\r\n
\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\/\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631). \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/div>\r\n
\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629: \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0644 3-5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a) \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/div>\r\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/div>\r\n \r\n
\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 SPD \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\r\n
\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (SPD) (t1\u060c t2\u060c t3)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 (\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629).<\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":1601,"parent":0,"menu_order":107,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"blog_category":[9],"class_list":["post-2231","blog","type-blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","blog_category-industry-news"],"acf":{"des":"This article provides a detailed analysis of the Type 1\/2\/3 industrial surge protection devices (SPD) and their technical principles, explains how to construct an effective hierarchical (step-by-step) protection strategy to ensure the safety of industrial equipment, and answers common selection and maintenance questions.","txt":"
This article will systematically introduce the types, classification methods, and how to build an effective graded protection system for industrial surge protectors (SPD)<\/strong><\/a>.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Classification By Technical Principle And Discharge Capacity<\/h2>\r\n
This is the core classification method for SPD, which directly determines their application scenarios and protection levels, and is usually based on international standards such as IEC 61643.<\/div>\r\n\"BR-25M<\/a>\r\n

Type 1 (Type 1\/T1): Energy Discharge<\/h3>\r\n
Technical Principle: <\/strong>Type 1 surge protection devices<\/a> typically uses a spark gap as its core component. Its main characteristic is its high surge current discharge capability.<\/div>\r\n
Discharge Capability: <\/strong>Capable of withstanding and releasing direct lightning strikes or partial lightning current (simulating a 10\/350\u00b5s waveform); test currents can typically reach tens of kiloamperes.<\/div>\r\n
Application Scenarios: <\/strong>Primarily installed at the entrance of the building's main distribution cabinet (MDB) as a primary protection device to release lightning current from external lines (e.g., power lines).<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n\"BR-20<\/a>\r\n

Type 2 (Type 2\/T2): Voltage Limiter<\/h3>\r\n
Technical Principle: The core component is a varistor (MOV). Under normal voltage, the MOV exhibits high resistance; when a surge overvoltage occurs, its resistance drops sharply, bypassing the current and clamping the voltage to a safe level.<\/div>\r\n
Discharge Capacity: Type 2 surge protection devices<\/a> Used to discharge induced lightning strikes and operational overvoltages (simulating 8\/20\u00b5s waveform), with a discharge capacity typically ranging from several thousand to tens of thousands of amperes.<\/div>\r\n
Application Scenarios: Installed downstream of the main distribution cabinet in the distribution cabinet (distribution panel, SDB) or before the control cabinet of important equipment, serving as secondary protection to provide protection for most electrical equipment.<\/div>\r\n\"BR-230<\/a>\r\n

Type 3 (Type 3\/T3): Advanced Protection<\/h3>\r\n
Technical Principle: Typically employs finer MOVs, gas discharge tubes, or TVS diodes, resulting in extremely fast response and lower residual voltage (protection level).<\/div>\r\n
Discharge Capacity: The discharge capacity is relatively small, primarily used to further suppress residual surge voltage.<\/div>\r\n
Application Scenarios: Type 3 surge protection devices<\/a> installed very close to the protected equipment, such as in the equipment's socket or socket board, for fine protection. It usually needs to be used in conjunction with a Type 2 SPD and cannot be installed alone.<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n\"BR-12.5M<\/a>\r\n

Combined Spd (Type 1+2): Integrated Solution<\/h3>\r\n
Technical Principle: This device integrates a Type 1 spark gap and a Type 2 varistor, offering the advantages of high discharge capability and low protection level.<\/div>\r\n
Application Scenarios: Combined SPD (Type 1+2) surge protection devices<\/a> suitable for applications with limited space or requiring simplified design. It can be directly installed in the main distribution cabinet at the building entrance, providing combined first- and second-level protection.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Extended Classification Of Industrial Surge Protection Devices<\/h2>\r\n
In addition to core technology types, industrial SPDs can also be classified according to other dimensions.<\/div>\r\n

Classification By Power Source Type<\/h3>\r\n
AC power supply SPD: Used to protect AC power supply systems, such as 380V\/220V industrial power grids.<\/div>\r\n
DC power supply SPD: Used to protect DC power supply systems, such as photovoltaic power generation systems, DC motor drives, and communication base station power supplies.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

AC Power SPD VS Dc Power SPD<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Feature<\/th>\r\nAC Power SPD<\/th>\r\nDC Power SPD<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
Primary Application<\/strong><\/td>\r\nMain electrical panels, sub-panels, branch circuits in homes, offices, and industrial facilities.<\/td>\r\nSolar PV arrays, battery storage systems, EV charging stations, telecommunications, automotive, marine, and public transport.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
System Voltage<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFollows standard AC voltages (e.g., 120V, 230V, 400V, 480V).<\/td>\r\nHighly variable (e.g., 12V, 24V, 48V for batteries; 600V to 1500V for solar strings).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Current Behavior<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAlternating Current.<\/strong>\u00a0The voltage crosses zero 100 or 120 times per second. This helps\u00a0extinguish an electrical arc<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\nDirect Current.<\/strong>\u00a0The voltage is constant and does not cross zero. This makes\u00a0arcing much more sustained and dangerous<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Key Design Challenge<\/strong><\/td>\r\nManaging transient overvoltages. The zero-crossing of AC naturally helps interrupt follow current.<\/td>\r\nArc Suppression.<\/strong>\u00a0The primary challenge is to safely quench the \"follow current\" from the DC source after a surge event without the SPD catching fire.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Internal Technology & Components<\/strong><\/td>\r\nPrimarily uses\u00a0Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs)<\/strong>\u00a0and sometimes Gas Discharge Tubes (GDTs). Designs are relatively straightforward.<\/td>\r\nUses more robust\u00a0MOVs<\/strong>\u00a0with special arc-quenching chambers\/fillers. Heavier reliance on\u00a0GDTs<\/strong>\u00a0specifically designed for DC, which can safely handle the continuous DC voltage without leaking.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Voltage Rating (Uc)<\/strong><\/td>\r\nRated for continuous operation at standard AC RMS voltages (e.g., 275V, 320V, 440V).<\/td>\r\nRated for continuous operation at the specific DC system voltage (e.g., 1000V DC, 1500V DC).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Disconnection & Safety<\/strong><\/td>\r\nOften includes thermal disconnectors to safely fail an MOV that has been degraded by many surges.<\/td>\r\nCritical and more robust.<\/strong>\u00a0Requires advanced failure mechanisms to physically disconnect the SPD from the DC source in a fail-safe manner, as a sustained DC arc is a major fire hazard.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Certification Standards<\/strong><\/td>\r\nUL 1449 (North America), IEC 61643-11 (International).<\/td>\r\nUL 1449 (for specific DC applications), IEC 61643-11, UL 497B, and specific standards for PV systems like IEC 62548.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n \r\n

Classification By Signal Type<\/h3>\r\n
Industrial environments contain not only power lines but also numerous signal and control lines. Signal SPDs are specifically designed to protect these low-voltage lines, such as:<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf Network\/Ethernet SPD<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf RS-232\/485\/422 Serial Port SPD<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf Analog\/Digital I\/O SPD<\/div>\r\n
\u25cf Coaxial Cable SPD (used for video surveillance, antennas, etc.)<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Classification By Mounting Structure<\/h3>\r\n

Plug-In Surge Protective Devices<\/h4>\r\n
It looks like an adapter and plugs directly into a wall socket. It is mainly used to protect a single device and belongs to Type 3.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Modular Surge Protective Devices<\/h4>\r\n
The standard modular design allows it to be mounted on a DIN rail in a distribution cabinet, just like a circuit breaker. This is the most common form in industrial applications, facilitating installation, replacement, and condition monitoring (via remote signaling contacts). Type 1 and Type 2 are mostly of this type.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Box-Type Surge Protective Devices<\/h4>\r\n
SPD modules, fuses, or circuit breakers are integrated into a single protective enclosure, which is commonly used in outdoor or field equipment boxes.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

How To Build A Tiered (Stepped) Protection System?<\/h2>\r\n
A single SPD cannot provide perfect protection, so a tiered (or stepped) protection strategy is required.<\/div>\r\n

Principle Of Tiered Protection<\/h4>\r\n
The core concept of graded protection is \"step-by-step discharge and layer-by-layer clamping.\"<\/div>\r\n
Level 1 (Type 1\/Type 1+2): At the main incoming line, it absorbs and discharges the vast majority of the massive surge energy, limiting overvoltages of several kilovolts to a lower level (e.g., 1500-2500V).<\/div>\r\n
Level 2 (Type 2): At the distribution panel, it further discharges residual surges that have penetrated Level 1 and clamps the voltage to a safer level (e.g., 1000-1500V).<\/div>\r\n
Level 3 (Type 3): At the front end of the equipment, it provides final suppression of minor residual surges, offering the lowest possible residual voltage (typically below 1000V), ensuring the absolute safety of precision equipment ports.<\/div>\r\n
A certain line distance (generally recommended to be more than 10 meters) needs to be maintained between each level of SPD to utilize line impedance for energy coordination. If the distance is insufficient, decoupling components (such as dedicated decoupling inductors or appropriate fuses\/circuit breakers) are required to ensure that each level of SPD operates in a coordinated sequence.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Example Of Spd Configuration In Typical Industrial Scenarios<\/h4>\r\n
Scenario: Automated Production Line Control Center<\/div>\r\n
Main Distribution Room (MDB): Install Type 1+2 SPDs to protect the power input to the entire building.<\/div>\r\n
Production Line Control Cabinet (SDB): Install Type 2 SPDs to protect the power supply to core control units such as PLCs and frequency converters.<\/div>\r\n
PLC I\/O Module Front: Install signal SPDs on control signal lines (e.g., 24V DC).<\/div>\r\n
Engineer Workstation: Use Type 3 SPD socket boards on the sockets to protect the computer and programmer.<\/div>\r\n
Workshop Network Switch: Install Ethernet SPDs on the network ports.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

FAQ<\/h2>\r\n
How To Select The Appropriate SPD Type Based On Site Conditions?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Step 1: Determine the installation location. Select T1 or T1+2 for the main incoming line cabinet; T2 for the distribution cabinet; and T3 for the equipment front end.<\/div>\r\n
Step 2: Check key parameters. The maximum continuous operating voltage (Uc) must be greater than the highest voltage that may occur in the local power grid; the nominal discharge current (In) and maximum discharge current (Imax) must meet the lightning protection level (LPL) requirements of the installation point; the voltage protection level (Up) should be lower than the withstand voltage value of the protected equipment.<\/div>\r\n
Step 3: Consider other factors, such as the power supply system (AC\/DC), installation method (modular\/box-type), status indication, and remote signaling function requirements.<\/div>\r\n \r\n
Daily Inspection And Maintenance Of Industrial SPD<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
Regular visual inspection: Check the SPD for physical damage, such as cracks or burn marks.<\/div>\r\n
Observe the status indicator: Most SPDs have a color-coded window (green\/red) indicator. Green indicates normal operation, and red indicates failure, requiring immediate replacement.<\/div>\r\n
Keep a maintenance log: Record the installation date, initial inspection date, and subsequent inspection details. Even when in normal condition, SPDs have a limited lifespan; it is recommended to inspect or replace them periodically (e.g., every 3-5 years) or after a major surge event.<\/div>\r\n
Professional testing: Use specialized instruments to measure the leakage current of the varistor and assess for performance degradation.<\/div>\r\n \r\n
Can Surge Protection Devices Prevent Circuit Breakers From Tripping?<\/strong><\/div>\r\n
The primary function of an SPD is to prevent equipment from being damaged by overvoltage, not to prevent circuit breakers from tripping.<\/div>\r\n \r\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\r\n
Understanding the technical principles and application scenarios of different types of industrial surge protection devices (SPD) (t1, t2, t3), and combining them with comprehensive protection of power and signal lines, we can build an effective hierarchical (step-by-step) protection system.<\/div>"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog\/2231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"blog_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.britecelectric.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_category?post=2231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}